[Εξωφυλλο}

Mineralogical, geochemical and structural - control study of the hydrothermal alterations and the ore mineralization at Vathi porphyry Cu - Au +-U +- mO SYSTEM, N.Greece

Christos L. Stergiou

Περίληψη


Τhe Vathi porphyry Cu–Au±U±Mo mineralization occurs in the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province, 18.5 km NW of Kilkis city at N. Greece. Α trachydacite porphyry and quartz monzonite dikes (18-17 Ma), which emplacement was structurally controlled by the Tertiary evolution of the Serbo-Macedonian Massif, host the mineralization. Genetically the mineralization is linked to the quartz monzonite dikes which intrude the trachydacite porphyry and the crystalline basement rocks of the Vertiskos Unit. The trachydacite porphyry is affected by propylitic alteration, which is overprinted by an extended sericitic alteration. The quartz monzonite is affected by potassic alteration which is also overprinted by sericitic alteration. Stockwork, sheeted veins and oxidized pyrite, chalcopyrite and quartz D-type veins, outcrop in the trachydacite porphyry. Locally, a strongly potassically altered structural trend controls the qtz-monzonite emplacement, while elsewhere the quartz monzonite appears venting the trachydacite porphyry and creates a hydrothermally altered massive phreato-magmatic breccia. Disseminated and vein-type mineralization consisting of pyrite and chalcopyrite is found in the quartz monzonite and along the potassically altered area of the trachydacite porphyry. At depth, the most common mineralization consists of disseminated chalcopyrite – bornite – molybdenite – magnetite – native gold. The microscopic study of drill core samples revealed additionally the presence in depth of disseminated pyrite – chalcopyrite – stibnite, and of vein-type sphalerite – galena – arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite – pyrite – chalcopyrite mineralization. Along and near the surface a characteristic and extent supergene oxidation zone is developed dominated by iron and copper oxides and meta-torbernite, while deeper it is followed by a restricted secondary enrichment zone which consists mainly of chalcocite and covellite. The Vathi porphyry style mineralization bears exceptional enrichment in U and REEs which is unusual for porphyry systems. It shares several features in common to the Skouries porphyry Cu-Au deposit, in the adjacent Chalkidiki district and it could be a promising future exploration target for gold and REEs.

Στη Βάθη 18.5 χλμ ΒΔ του Κιλκίς στα όρια της Σερβομακεδονικής μεταλλογενετικής επαρχίας εντοπίζεται μεταλλοφορία Cu–Au±U±Mo πορφυριτικού τύπου. Ένας τραχειδακιτικός πορφύρης και διεισδύσεις χαλαζιακού μονζονίτη (18-17 Ma), η τοποθέτηση των οποίων ελέγχεται από την Τριτογενή τεκτονική της Σερβομακεδονικής Μάζας, φιλοξενούν την μεταλλοφορία. Γενετικά η μεταλλοφορία συνδέεται με τις διεισδύσεις του χαλαζιακού μονζονίτη, οι οποίες τέμνουν τον τραχειδακιτικό πορφύρη και τα περιβάλλοντα κρυσταλλοσχιστώδη πετρώματα του υποβάθρου της ενότητας Βερτίσκου. Ο τραχειδακιτικός πορφύρης χαρακτηρίζεται από μια προπυλιτική ζώνη εξαλλοίωσης, η οποία επικαλύπτεται από μια εκτεταμένη σερικιτική εξαλλοίωση. Ο χαλαζιακός μονζονίτης χαρακτηρίζεται από μια ποτασσική ζώνη εξαλλοίωσης, η οποία επίσης επικαλύπτεται από μια σερικιτίωση. Στον τραχειδακιτικό πορφύρη παρατηρούνται πλέγματα φλεβιδίων με οξειδωμένη μεταλλοφορία, παράλληλες φλέβες και D-τύπου φλέβες οξειδωμένου σιδηροπυρίτη, χαλκοπυρίτη και χαλαζία. Τοπικά μια έντονα ποτασσικά εξαλλοιωμένη τεκτονική ζώνη ελέγχει την παρουσία του χαλαζιακού μονζονίτη, ενώ αλλού συνδεόμενο με αυτόν εντοπίζεται ένα μαζώδες φρεατομαγματικό λατυποπαγές το οποίο διεισδύει στον τραχειδακιτικό πορφύρη. Διάσπαρτη και φλεβική μεταλλοφορία σιδηροπυρίτη – χαλκοπυρίτη εντοπίζεται στο χαλαζιακό μονζονίτη και σε βάθος στον τραχειδακιτικό πορφύρη. Σε μεγαλύτερα βάθη διασπορές σιδηροπυρίτη – χαλκοπυρίτη – βορνίτη – μολυβδαινίτη – μαγνητίτη – αυτοφυούς χρυσού περιγράφουν την μεταλλοφορία πορφυριτικού τύπου. Η μικροσκοπική μελέτη δειγμάτων προερχόμενων από γεώτρηση εντόπισε την παρουσία τριών ακόμη μεταλλοφοριών, μιας διάσπαρτης σιδηροπυρίτη – χαλκοπυρίτη – αντιμονίτη, και δυο φλεβικού τύπου, μία σφαλερίτη – γαληνίτη – αρσενοπυρίτη και μία μαγνητοπυρίτη – σιδηροπυρίτη – χαλκοπυρίτη. Τέλος, χαρακτηριστική είναι η επιφανειακή αλλά και σε βάθος παρουσία σιδηρούχων και χαλκούχων οξειδίων και μετα-τορβερνίτη τα οποία σχηματίζουν μια εκτεταμένη ζώνη οξείδωσης η οποία ακολουθείται βαθύτερα από μια μικρής έκτασης ζώνη δευτερογενή εμπλουτισμού αποτελούμενη κυρίως από χαλκοσίνη και κοβελλίνη. Η πορφυριτικού τύπου μεταλλοφορία της Βάθης χαρακτηρίζεται από υψηλές συγκεντρώσεις Au, αλλά και U και ορισμένων REEs το οποίο δεν είναι σύνηθες για τα πορφυριτικά συστήματα, και θα μπορούσε να αποτελέσει μελλοντικό ερευνητικό στόχο για χρυσό και REEs.  


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