Πετρογραφική, ορυκτολογική και γεωχημική μελέτη της πορφυριτικής μεταλλοφορίας στα Άσπρα Χώματα ΒΑ Χαλκιδικής=Petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical study of the porphyry mineralization at Aspra Chomata, NE Chalkidiki

Κωνσταντίνος Β. Γούναρης

Πετρογραφική, ορυκτολογική και γεωχημική μελέτη της πορφυριτικής μεταλλοφορίας στα Άσπρα Χώματα ΒΑ Χαλκιδικής=Petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical study of the porphyry mineralization at Aspra Chomata, NE Chalkidiki

Κωνσταντίνος Β. Γούναρης

Περίληψη

Η Ελλάδα αποτελεί μία από τις πιο ενεργές γεωτεκτονικά χώρες του πλανήτη. Στο πέρασμα του χρόνου οι γεωλογικές αυτές διεργασίες συντέλεσαν στον σχηματισμό σημαντικών μεταλλοφοριών, τόσο ως προς την ποικιλία τους όσο και ως προς την ποσότητα τους. Είναι στη φύση του ανθρώπου να εκμεταλλεύεται τους πόρους του περιβάλλοντος και να τους διαμορφώνει έτσι ώστε να εξυπηρετούν τις ανάγκες του. Και στον ελληνικό χώρο από την αρχαιότητα, ο άνθρωπος επιδόθηκε στην εξόρυξη και αξιοποίηση των ορυκτών αυτών πόρων. Από τα αρχαίο μεταλλευτικό κέντρο του Λαυρίου έως τη ΒΑ Χαλκιδική, το Παγγαίο και τη Θάσο, η μεταλλευτική δραστηριότητα ήταν και παρέμεινε έντονη μέχρι και τους πρόσφατους ιστορικούς χρόνους. Δυστυχώς αυτή η τάση δεν συνεχίζεται μέχρι σήμερα. Η μεταλλευτική δραστηριότητα αποτελεί μία σκιά της πρότερης μορφής της, ενώ η αναζήτηση και η μελέτη επαφίεται στην σκληρή δουλειά λιγοστών επιστημόνων. Στα πλαίσια αυτής της αναζήτησης και μελέτης των ορυκτών πόρων του ελλαδικού χώρου, η συγκεκριμένη πτυχιακή εργασία επιχειρεί να παρουσιάσει και να ερμηνεύσει την πορφυριτική μεταλλοφορία με σημαντική παρουσία βασικών μετάλλων, του μαγματικού – υδροθερμικού συστήματος στα Άσπρα Χώματα της ΒΑ Χαλκιδικής, στη περιοχή Στρατωνίου.

The porphyry (Cu – Au) and base metal (Pb – Zn – Sb) mineralization at Aspra Chomata is found at the Kassandra mining area in NE Chalkidiki. The area belongs at the Rhodope metallogenic province and the mineralization is hosted in an intensively altered porphyry granite intrusion. The porphyry granite intrudes the barren Stratoni granodiorite and the quartz – feldspar – biotite gneiss of the Kerdyllion unit. The porphyry intrusion is correlated to the Tertiary calc – alkaline magmatism due to back – arc extension and continental crust thinning, associated possibly with the subduction of Tethys Ocean. The mineralization is hosted in mainly NE striking veins and stockwork veinlets. The porphyry granite is composed primarily of quartz, large plagioclase crystals, K - feldspar and biotite. Porphyry samples were affected by potassic alteration which is partially overprinted by phyllic (sericite) alteration. Potassic alteration consists of quartz and biotite while phyllic alteration consists mainly of sericite and chlorite. Chlorite – sericite alteration is also present and consists of chlorite, sericite and carbonates (calcite). Mineralization veins are composed of quartz, K - feldspar and sericite. The porphyry mineralization is exclusively composed of pyrite which was later overprinted by epithermal base metal sphalerite and boulangerite mineralization. Whole rock XRF chemical analysis of the host porphyry granite is characterized by high Al2O3 and low K2O and CaO concentrations, due to extensive hydrothermal alteration, with notable REE (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) concentrations. Chemical analysis by ICP – MS in samples from the mineralization gave similar or even lower K2O content, as well as very low Al2O3 concentrations. These analyses have also shown an abundance of precious (Au, Ag), base (Pb, Zn, Cu, Zn, Sn), REE (La, Ce) and critical (Sb, Be, Ge, Ga, In) metals, as well as As which is also not typically found in porphyry Cu systems. This metal gathering makes Aspra Chomata a very unique system in the Kassandra mining district.

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