[Εξώφυλο]

Εκτίμηση δυναμικού ρευστοποιήσης σε επιλεγμένες θέσεις στην Taiwan με βάση δεδομένα από επι-τόπου δοκιμές. = Liquefaction potential estimation in Taiwan with in-situ tests.

Ελένη Γ. Σκλάβου

Περίληψη


Η ρευστοποίηση του εδάφους αναφέρεται στη διαδικασία με την οποία τα κορεσμένα σε νερό αμμώδη εδάφη, χάνουν την διατμητική τους αντοχή λόγω της προοδευτικής συσσώρευσης υδατικών υπερπιέσεων των πόρων. Η ρευστοποίηση μπορεί να προκαλέσει σοβαρές ζημιές για αυτό το λόγο το φαινόμενο αυτό αποτελεί ένα από τα κυριότερα προβλήματα που καλείται να επιλύσει ένας γεωλόγος. Το φαινόμενο της ρευστοποίησης παρατηρείται κυρίως σε σεισμούς και μπορεί να προκαλέσει παραμορφώσεις και μετατοπίσεις. Στη περίπτωση που η ένταση του φαινομένου καθώς και η διάρκεια είναι μεγάλη τότε επιφέρει σημαντικές βλάβες σε κτίρια  (σχολεία, νοσοκομεία), τεχνικά έργα , οδοστρώματα και πρανή , τα οποία μπορεί να πάρουν καταστροφικές διαστάσεις όπως στον σεισμό του 1999 στην Ταϊβάν. Στην Ελλάδα, παρόλο που το φαινόμενο δεν έχει πάρει τόσο μεγάλες διαστάσεις , έχουν καταγραφεί εδαφικές αστοχίες σαν συνέπεια της ρευστοποίησης σε περιοχές όπως η Λευκάδα μετά από σεισμό του 2003. Συγκεκριμένα, στα πλαίσια της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας μελετάται το φαινόμενο της ρευστοποίησης  των εδαφικών σχηματισμών τόσο γενικά όσο και ειδικά στις περιοχές Yuanlin, Nantou και Wufeng, στις οποίες παρατηρείται έντονα το φαινόμενο της ρευστοποίησης εξαιτίας του μεγάλου σεισμού που συνέβη το 1999 με μέγεθος 7.6 Mw, στη Ταϊβάν. Τέλος, γίνεται εκτίμηση του δυναμικού ρευστοποίησης των εδαφών με την βοήθεια ενός  λογισμικού σε συνδυασμό με τις γεωτρήσεις που λήφθηκαν από τις παραπάνω περιοχές.
 
Liquefaction refers to the process by which water-saturated sandy soils lose their shear strength due to the progressive accumulation of aqueous over presses of pores. Liquefaction can cause serious damage, which is why this phenomenon is one of the main problems that a geologist has to solve. The phenomenon of liquefaction occurs mainly in earthquakes above 6.5 Richter and can cause deformations and displacements. If the intensity of the phenomenon as well as the duration is great then it will cause significant damage to buildings (schools, hospitals), technical works, pavements and slopes, which can take catastrophic dimensions like the 1999 earthquake in Taiwan. In Greece, although the phenomenon has not been so large, small land failures have been recorded as a consequence of the liquefaction in areas such as Lefkada after the earthquake of 2003. Specifically, the present paper explores the phenomenon of the liquefaction of the soil formations both in general and especially in the areas of Yuanlin, Nantou and Wufeng, in which the phenomenon of liquefaction is intensely observed due to the large earthquake that occurred in 1999 with magnitude of 7.6 on Richter scale, in Taiwan . Finally, a detailed description is made of soil sensitivity estimation methods that are susceptible to liquefaction with the help of geotechnical software in conjunction with drillings obtained from the above areas.

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