Ορυκτολογία ποτασσικών και νατριοασβεστούχων ζωνών εξαλλοίωση από πορφυριτικά κοιτάσματα της Ελλάδας (Μαρώνεια και Λαύριο). = Mineralogy of potassic-sodic-calcic zones of porphyry systems in Greece (Maronia and Lavrion).

Μαργαρίτα Βασίλειος Μέλφου

Ορυκτολογία ποτασσικών και νατριοασβεστούχων ζωνών εξαλλοίωση από πορφυριτικά κοιτάσματα της Ελλάδας (Μαρώνεια και Λαύριο). = Mineralogy of potassic-sodic-calcic zones of porphyry systems in Greece (Maronia and Lavrion).

Μαργαρίτα Βασίλειος Μέλφου

Περίληψη

Η ποτασσική και η νατριοασβεστούχα εξαλλοίωση είναι δύο από τις κύριες ζώνες εξαλλοίωσης των πορφυριτικών συστημάτων και σχετίζονται με την παρουσία K και Na-Ca από τα υδροθερμικά ρευστά, αντίστοιχα. Συγκεκριμένα ο υδροθερμικός βιοτίτης και καλιούχος άστριος χαρακτηρίζουν την ποτασσική ζώνη και ο αλβίτης, ο ακτινόλιθος και ο διοψίδιος τη νατριοασβεστούχα. Είναι γεγονός ότι πολλές φορές χωρικά και χρονικά αυτές οι ζώνες αλληλοεπικαλύπτονται. Έτσι προκύπτει μία υβριδική ζώνη, η ποτασσική-νατριοασβεστούχα. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία μελετήθηκε η ορυκτολογία της ποτασσικής-νατριοσβεστουχας ζώνης δύο πορφυριτικών συστημάτων της Ελλάδας, της Μαρώνειας και της Πλάκας Λαυρίου. Το πορφυριτικό σύστημα Cu-Mo-Re-Au της Μαρώνειας σχετίζεται με την διείσδυση ενός πορφυριτικού μικρογρανίτη μέσα στο πλουτωνίτη της Μαρώνειας στην ευρύτερη μάζα της Ροδόπης, ενώ το πορφυριτικό σύστημα του Λαυρίου σχετίζεται με την διείσδυση του πορφυριτικού γρανοδιορίτη της Πλάκας μέσα στο μεταμορφικό σύμπλεγμα της Αττικο-κυκλαδικής μάζας. Στην περίπτωση της Μαρώνειας η κύρια παραγένεση της ποτασσικής-νατριοασβεστούχας εξαλλοίωσης είναι χαλαζίας + βιοτίτης + καλιούχος άστριος + μαγνητίτης + πλαγιόκλαστα (αλβίτης – ανδεσίνης – ολιγόκλαστο και λαβραδορίτης) + ακτινόλιθος + πυρόξενος + ασβεστίτης + επίδοτο + αλλανίτης + τιτανίτης. Χαρακτηριστικές είναι οι Α- και Β-τύπου χαλαζιακές φλέβες μέσα στον μικρογρανίτη. Στη Πλάκα Λαυρίου η χαρακτηριστική παραγένεση της ζώνης αυτής είναι χαλαζίας + βιοτίτης + καλιούχος άστριος + πλαγιόκλαστο (ολιγόλαστο-ανδεσίνης) + ακτινόλιθος + κλινοπυρόξενος (διοψίδιος) + αλλανίτης + τιτανίτης + απατίτης. Η εξαλλοίωση αυτή συνδέεται με ένα πυκνό σύπμλεγμα χαλαζιακών φλεβών.

The potassic and sodic-calcic alteration are two of the main alteration zones of porphyry deposits. They are associated with addition of K and Na-Ca from the hydrothermal fluids, respectively. More specifically, hydrothermal biotite and K-feldspar characterize the potassic alteration, while hydrothermal albite, actinolite and diopside characterize the sodic-calcic alteration zone. Quite commonly these two alteration zones overlap each other spatially and temporally, and as a result an hybridic potassic-sodic-calcic zone is formed. This diploma thesis deals with the mineralogy of the potassic-sodic-calcic zones of two porphyry deposits in Greece, in Maronia and in Plaka of Lavrion. The Cu-Mo-Re-Au porphyry system of Maronia is associated with the intrusion of a porphyritic microgranite in the Maronia pluton at the Rhodope massif. The studied alteration is related with A- and B-type veins. The porphyry system of Lavrion is ascosiated with the intrusion of the Plaka granodiorite at the Attico-Cycladic metamporphic core complex. The studied alteration is associated with a dense system of sheeted quartz veins. The main assemblage of the potassic-sodic-calcic alteration in Maronia is quartz + biotite+ K-feldspar + magnetite + plagioclase (albite – andesine – oligoclase and labradorite) + actinolite + pyroxene + calcite + epidote + allanite + titanite. In Plaka of Lavrion the main assemblage of the potassic-sodic-calcic alteration is quartz + biotite + K-Feldspar + plagioclase (oligoclase – andesine) + actinolite + clinopyroxene (diopside) + allanite + titanite + apatite.

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