Διερεύνηση παλαιο οικολογικής διαφοροποίησης μεταποφίων ιπποειδών στο όριο Βαλεζίου - Τουρολίου με βάση το βαθμό ενδιαιτήματος (habitat score) = Study of palaeoecological differsification of Hipparion metapodes at the Vallesiona-Turolian boundary as inferred fron the Habitat scores.

Αναστασία Κατσαγώνη

Διερεύνηση παλαιο οικολογικής διαφοροποίησης μεταποφίων ιπποειδών στο όριο Βαλεζίου - Τουρολίου με βάση το βαθμό ενδιαιτήματος (habitat score) = Study of palaeoecological differsification of Hipparion metapodes at the Vallesiona-Turolian boundary as inferred fron the Habitat scores.

Αναστασία Κατσαγώνη

Περίληψη

Στο όριο Βαλλέζιου - Τουρόλιου παρατηρείται στην ανατολική Μεσόγειο μια σταδιακή μετάβαση προς έναν πιο ανοιχτό τύπο περιβάλλοντος. Η αλλαγή αυτή εκδηλώνεται στην μορφολογία των μεταποδίων των ιππαρίων της περιόδου. Η παρούσα εργασία μελετά 138 μεταταρσικά και 93 μετακαρπικά οστά των είδών H. primigenium, H. ankyranum, H. cf. giganteum, H. cf. sebastopolitanum, H. mediterraneum, H. cf. mediterraneum, H. brachypus, H. macedonicum, H. philippus, και H. sithonis. Τα δείγματα προέρχονται από τις Άνω Μειοκαινικές θέσεις Höwenegg, Pentalophos, Sinap Tepe, Nikiti-1, Nikiti-2, Ravin des Zouaves-5, Hadjidimovo, Perivolaki και Pikermi. Για τον προσδιορισμό του παλαιοπεριβάλλοντος εφαρμόσθηκε η μέθοδος του Robert S. Scott για τον υπολογισμό του βαθμού ενδιαιτήματος για τα μετακαρπικά και μεταταρσικά οστά και κατασκευάστηκαν ξεχωριστά γραφήματα ανά είδος και θέση. Τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης των τιμών του habitat score έδειξαν μια αλλαγή στη μορφολογία των μεταποδίων από το Βαλλέζιο στο Τουρόλιο. Η αλλαγή αυτή δηλώνει τη σταδιακή μετάβαση σε έναν πιο ανοιχτό και ξηρό τύπο ενδιαιτήματος.

During the Vallesian-Turolian transition, a gradual change to a more open environment is observed in the Eastern Mediterranean. This change is manifested in the morphology of the metapodials of hipparrion horses of the period. In this work 138 metatarsals and 93 metacarpals have been studied. They belong to the species H. primigenium, H. ankyranum, H. cf. giganteum, H. cf. sebastopolitanum, H. mediterraneum, H. cf. mediterraneum, H. brachypus, H. macedonicum, H. philippus, and H. sithonis. The samples originated from the Eurasian Upper Miocene sites of Pentalophos 1, Nikiti-1, Nikiti-2, Ravin des Zouaves-5, Perivolaki, Pikermi (Greece) Hadjidimovo (Bulgaria), Hφwenegg (Germany) and Sinap Tepe, Kemiklitepe (Turkey). The method of Robert S. Scott has been applied to calculate the habitat score for metacarpals and metatarsals of hipparionin horses. The results showed a change in metapodial morphology from the Vallesian to the Turolian, which is considered as representing a gradual transition to more open and dry habitats.

Πλήρες Κείμενο:

PDF

Αναφορές

Abel O. (1926). Die Geschichte der Equiden auf dem boden Nordametikas. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges, 74: 159-164

Ataabadi, Μ.M., (2010). The Miocene of Western Asia; fossil mammals at the crossroads of faunal provinces and climate regimes. PhD thesis, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Print, Helsinki.

Bernor, R. L, Koufos, G. D., Woodburne, M. & Fortelius, M., (1996). The evolutionary history and biochronology of European and southeastern Asian late Miocene and Pliocene hipparionine horses. In: Bernor R. L., Fahlbusch V. & Mittman H-W. (eds). The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas: pp. 7-46, Columbia University Press, New York.

Bernor, R. L. & Kovar-Eder, J. & Lipscomb, D. & Rögl, F. & Sen, Sevket & Tobien, Heinz. (1988). Systematic, stratigraphic, and paleoenvironmental contexts of first-appearing Hipparion in the Vienna Basin, Austria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8: 427-452. 10.1080/02724634.1988.10011729.

Bernor, R. L. & Tobien, H. (1989). Two small species of Cremohipparion (Equidae, Mammalia) from Samos, Greece. Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und historische Geologie, 29: 207-226.

Bernor R.L., Tobien H., Hayek L.-A.C. & Mittmann H.-W. (1997). Hippotherium primigenium (Equidae, Mammalia) from the late

Miocene of Höwenegg (Hegau, Germany). Andrias, 10: 1-230.

Bernor R.L., Tobien H., Hayek L.-A.C. & Mittmann H.-W. (1997). Hippotherium primigenium (Equidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Höwenegg (Hegau, Germany). Andrias, 10: 1-230.

Bernor, R. L. & Woodburne, M. & Van Couvering, J.A.. (1980). A Contribution to the Chronology of Some Old World Miocene Faunas based on Hipparionine Horses. Geobios 13(5): 705-739

Bernor, R. L. (1985). Systematic and evolutionary relationships of the hipparionine horses from Maragheh, Iran (late Miocene, Turolian age). -Palaeovertebrata (4), 15: 173-269

Bernor, R. L., Scott, R. S., Fortelius, M., Kappleman, J. & Sen, S., (2003). Systematics and evolution of the late Miocene Hipparions from Sinap, Turkey. In: Fortelius M., Kappleman J., Sens S., Bernor R. L. (eds). The Geology and Paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey, pp. 220–281 Columbia University Press. New York.

Bock, W. J. (1965). The role of adaptive mechanisms in the orgin of higher levels of organization; Syst. Zool. 14: 272-287.

Bock, W. J. (1980). The definition and recognition of biological adaptation; Am. Zool. 20: 217-227

Bock, W. J. (1990). From Biologische Anatomic to Ecomorphology (Proc. 3rd International Congr. Vertebrate Morphology); Netherl. J. Zool. 40: 254-277

Bock, W. J. (1994). Concepts and methods in ecomorphology. Journal of Biosciences. 19: 403-413. 10.1007/BF02703177.

Bonis, De L., Bouvrain, G., Geraads, D. & Koufos, G. D. (1992). Diversity and palaeoecology of Greek late Miocene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 91: 99-121.

Bonis, L. de, Bouvrain, G., Geraads, D., Koufos, G. D., Sen, S., Tassy, P., (1994). Les gisements de mammiféres du Miocéne supérieur de Kemiklitepe (Turquie). 11. Biochronologie, paléoécologie et relations paléobiogeographiques. In: Sen, S. (Ed.), Les gisements de mammiféres du Miocène supérieur de Kemiklitepe (Turquie). Bulletin du Museum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris, 4e ser., sect. C 16: 225-240.

Böhme, M., Spassov, N., Ebner, M., Geraads, D., Hristova, L., et al. (2017). Messinian age and savannah environment of the possible hominin Graecopithecus from Europe. PLOS ONE 12(5): e0177347.

Bruch, A. A., Uhl, D., Mosbrugger, V., (2007). Miocene climate in Europe-Patterns and evolution. A first synthesis of NECLIME. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 253: 1-7.

Bruch, A. A., Utescher, T., Mosbrugger, V., Gabrielyan, I., Ivanov, D. A., (2006). Late Miocene climate in the circum-Alpine realm -a quantitative analysis of terrestrial palaeofloras. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 238: 270-280.

Camp, C.L. & Smith, N. (1942). Phylogeny and functions of the digital ligaments of the horse. Memoirs of the University of California 13: 69-124.

Eisenmann, V. (1995). What metapodial morphometry has to say about some Miocene hipparions. In: Vrba E. S., Denton G. H., Partridge T. C. &

Burckle L. H. (eds): Palaeoclimate and Evolution with Emphasis on Human Origins: pp. 48-162, Yale University Press, New Haven and London.

Eronen, J. T., Rook, L., (2004). The Mio-Pliocene European primate fossil record: dynamics and habitat tracking. Journal of Human Evolution 47: 323-341.

Forstén A. M. (1999). Snout proportions in some Eurasian hipparions (mammalian, Equidae): taxanomic and functional implications. Geodiversitas, 21 (2): 255-278, Paris.

Forstén, A. M. (1968). Revision of the paleartic Hipparion. Acta Zool. Fenn. 119: 119- 134.

Forstén, A. M. (1980). How many Hipparion species at Samos? Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatschefte 7: 391–396.

Fortelius, M., Werdelin, L., Andrews, P., Bernor, R. L., Gentry, A., Humphrey, L., Mittmann, H-W., Viranta, S., (1996). Provinciality, diversity, turnover and palaeoecology in land mammal faunas of the late Miocene of Western Eurasia. . In: Bernor, R. L., Fahlbusch, V., Mittmann, H.-W. (Eds), The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas, pp. 414-448. Columbia University Press, New York..

Geraads D., Spassov N., Hristova L., Markov G. & Tzankov T. (2011). Upper Miocene mammals from Strumyani, South-Western Bulgaria. Geodiversitas 33 (3): 451-484.

Gregory, W.K. (1912). Notes on the principles of quadrupedal locomotion and of the mechanism of the limbs in hoofed animals. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 22: 267-294.

Gromova, V. (1949). Istoriya loshadei (roda Equus) v starom svete; chast II, Evolyutsiyai klassifikatsiya roda. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 17: 1-163.

Gromova, V. (1952). Le genre Hipparion. -Bureau de Recherches géologiques et Minières C.E.D.P, 12: 1-288.

Hensel, R. (1962). Über die Reste einiger Saugetierarten von Pikermi in der Münchener Sammlung. Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften 27: 560-569..

Hildebrand, M. (1985). Walking and running. In (M. Hildebrand, D.M. Bramble, K.F. Liem & D.B. Wake, Eds) Functional Vertebrate Morphology, pp. 38-57. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Hristova, L., Kovachev, D. & Spassov, N. (2002). The hipparions (Equidae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene locality Hadjidimovo, SW Bulgaria (in Bulgarian). Review of the Bulgarian Geological society, 63(1-3): 89-98.

Hristova, L., Kovachev, D. & Spassov, N. (2003). Hipparion brachypus Hensel, 1862 from Hadjidimovo, Southwestern Bulgaria (Late Miocene). Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Bulgare des Sciences. 56: 77-84

Kappelman, J., Duncan, A., Feshea, M., Lunkka, J.-P., Ekart, D., Mcdowell, F., Ryan, T., Swisher III, C.C., (2003). Chronology of the Sinap formation. In: Fortelius, M., Kappelman, J., Sen, S., Bernor, R.L. (Eds.), Geology and Palaeontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey, pp. 41–66. Columbia University Press, New York..

Kostopoulos, D. S. (2009). The Pikermi Event: temporal and spatial resolution of the Turolian large mammal fauna in SE Europe. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 274: 82-95.

Koufos G. D. (1987b). Study of the Pikermi hipparions. Part I: Generalities and taxonomy. Bulletin du Muséum national du Histoire naturelle Paris 4e sér., 9, sect. C, 2: 197-252, Paris. Part II: Comparisons and odontograms. Bulletin Museum Nationale Histoire Naturelle Paris, 4e ser., 9, sect. C, no 3: 327-363..

Koufos, G. D. & Kostopoulos, D. S. (1994). The late Miocene mammal localities of Kemiklitepe (Turkey). 3. Equidae. Bulletin du Muséum national du Histoire naturelle Paris 4e sér., 16C: 41-80..

Koufos, G. D. (1984). A new Hipparion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Vallesian (late Miocene) of Greece. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 58 (3/4):307-317..

Koufos, G. D. (1987a). Study of the Turolian hipparions of the Lower Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece). 1. Locality “ Ravin des Zouaves-5” (RZO). Geobios, 20: 293- 312.

Koufos, G. D. (2000). New material of Vallesian hipparions (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the lower Axios valley, Macedonia, Greece. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 80: 231-255..

Koufos, G. D. (2006a). The Neogene mammal localities of Greece: faunas, chronology and biostratigraphy.. Hellenic Journal of Geosciences, 41: 183-214. 41.

Koufos, G. D. (2006b). Palaeoecology and chronology of the Vallesian (late Miocene) in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 234: 127– 145.

Koufos, G. D. (2009). The Neogene cercopithecids (Mammalia, Primates) of Greece. Geodiversitas. 31 (4): 817-850 10.5252/g2009n4a817.

Koufos, G. D. (2016). Neogene and Quaternary continental biostratigraphy of Greece based on mammals.. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 50(1): 55-64.

Koufos, G. D., Kostopoulos, D. S., Vlachou, T. D., & Konidaris, G. E. (2016). Palaeontology of the upper Miocene vertebrate localities of Nikiti (Chalkidiki Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece). Synthesis. Geobios, 49(1-2): 147–154.

Koufos, G. D., Kostopoulos, D. S., Vlachou, T. D., (2009). Chronology. In: Koufos, G. D. (eds.). The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: new collection. Beiträge zur Paläontologie 31: 397-408.

Koufos, G.D., (2013). Neogene mammal biostratigraphy and chronology of Greece. In: Wang, X., Flynn, L.J., Fortelius, M. (Eds.), Fossil mammals of Asia-Neogene biostratigraphy and chronology, pp. 595–621.. Columbia Univessity Press, New York.

Koufos, G.D., (2016). Palaeontology of the upper Miocene vertebrate localities of Nikiti (Chalkidiki Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece). History, stratigraphy and fossiliferous sites. Geobios. 49: 3-10. 10.1016/j.geobios.2016.01.007.

MacFaddden, J. Bruce (1992). Fossil Horses: Systematics, Paleobiology, and Evolution of the Family Equidae. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.

Ozansoy, F. (1955). Sur les gisements continentaux et les mammife`res du Neoge`ne et du Villafranchien d’Ankara (Turquie). Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris 240: 992–994.

Roth, J, & Wagner, A. (1855). Die fissilen Knochenuberreste von Pikermi in Griechenland. Abhandlen bayerische Akademie Wissenschaften. 7, pp. 371-464, München.

Scott, K. M. (1985). Allometric trends and locomotor adaptations in the Bovidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 179: 197-288.

Scott, K.M. (1979). Adaptation and Allometry in Bovid Postcranial Proportions. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation thesis, Yale University.

Scott, R. S. (2004). The comparative paleoecology of late Miocene Eurasian hominoids. Ph.D thesis, The University of Texas at Austin

Sen S., Koufos, G.D., Kondopoulou & L. De Bonis. (2000). Magnetostratigraphy of the late Miocene continental deposits of the lower Axios valley, Macedonia, Greece. In: Koufos, G. D. & Ioakim, Ch. (Eds), Mediterranean Neogene cyclostratigraphy in marine—continental deposits, Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece, Athens, sp. publ., no 9: 197-206.

Shotwell, J.A. (1961). Late Tertiary biogeography of horses in northern Great Basin. Journal of Paleontology 35: 203-217.

Sondaar, P. Y. (1971). The Samos Hipparion. Proceedings Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Wetenschappen, B.74: 417-441.

Sondaar, P.Y. (1968). The osteology of the manus of fossil and recent Equidae, with special reference to phylogeny and function. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen 25: 1-76.

Swartz, S.M. (1993). Biomechanics of primate limbs. In (D.L. Gebo, Ed) Postcranial Adaptation in Nonhuman Primates, pp. 5-42. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press.

Tobien, H. (1986). Die jungtertiaere Fossilgrabungsstaette Höwenegg in Hegau (Suedwestdeutschland). Ein Statusbericht. Carolinea 44: 9-34.

Van Valkenburgh, B. (1994). Ecomorphological Analysis of Fossil Vertebrates and Their Paleocommunities. In: Peter C. Wainwright, Stephen M. Reilly (EdsEcological Morphology: Integrative Organismal Biology, pp. 140–144. University of Chicago Press; 1st edition..

Villalta, J. F. & Crusafont, M. (1957). Dos nuevas especies de Hipparion del Pikermiense espanol. Cursos y Conferencias del Instituto Lucas Mallada, 4: 65-69.

Woodburne, M. O. (1989). Hipparion horses: a pattern of endemic evolution and intercontinental dispersal. In: Prothero, D.R. and Schoch. R.M., (eds). The evolution of Perissodactyls, pp. 197-233, Oxford University Press, New York.

Woodburne, M. O. (2007). Phyletic Diversification of the Cormohipparion occidentale complex (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae), Late Miocene, North America, and the origin of the old World Hippotherium Datum. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 306: 1- 138.

Woodburne, M. O., & Bernor, R. (1980). On Superspecific Groups of Some Old World Hipparionine Horses. Journal of Paleontology, 54 (6): 1319–1348.

Βλάχου Θ. (2013). Παλαιοντολογική, βιοστρωματογραφική και παλαιοοικολογική μελέτη των ιππαρίων του ελλαδικού χώρου. Διδακτορική διατριβή, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης.

Εισερχόμενη Αναφορά

Δεν υπάρχουν προς το παρόν εισερχόμενες αναφορές.