[Εξώφυλλο]

Nannofossil biostratigraphy of Argostoli Gulf Quaternary marine sequence (Kefallonia Island, Ionian Sea) = Βιοστρωματογραφία Ναννοαπολιθωμάτων της Τεταρτογενούς θαλάσσιας ακολουθίας του κόλπου του Αργοστολίου (Κεφαλονιά, Ιόνιο Πέλαγος).

Eugenia Fatourou

Περίληψη


The purpose of this thesis was to study the Quaternary sediments of the Argostoli Gulf of Kefallonia, located on the Ionian Sea in NW Greece. This study was carried out with the help of calcareous nannofossils, which provide information on biostratigraphy, paleogeography and paleoenvironment of the study area. This research was carried out in the framework of the Odysseus Unbound project, in collaboration with the Odysseus Unbound Foundation (OUF), the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), and the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA). This program had as its main goal the proof of the theory that NW Kefalonia and more specifically the Paliki peninsula is the Homeric Ithaca. Samples from three different boreholes from Livadi 1, Livadi 2 and Livadi 4 were used to carry out this work. Originally the sampling was conducted at the School of Mining Engineering, of National Technical University of Athens. The samples were taken from three boreholes, which were mentioned above, and more specifically from the cores 7, 8, 9 and 10 of each borehole. Sampling was conducted steadily every 10 centimeters in each core. Afterwards, the specimens were processed in the laboratory of the Department of Historical Geology and Paleontology of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, following the standard micropaleontological methods and techniques. Then, the micropaleontological analysis and taxonomy of the calcareous nannoplankton was carried out under the light microscope (LM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The samples analyzed under the SEM were 83 in total, originated from all three boreholes. Where it was considered necessary we took more samples and the cores were analyzed in high resolution. After the identification and the statistical analysis of the samples, the biozonal indicators were used in order to verify the biostratigraphic age assignment. These biozones give us the relative geological age of the sediments and thus the reconstitution of the past, the absence or presence of biozonal indicators and coccolithophores, in general, is another index that provides us with useful information on paleoenvironment.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία είχε ως στόχο τη μελέτη των Τεταρτογενών ιζημάτων του κόλπου του Αργοστολίου της Κεφαλονιάς, η οποία βρίσκεται στο Ιόνιο πέλαγος στην ΒΔ Ελλάδα. Η μελέτη αυτή πραγματοποιήθηκε με την βοήθεια των ασβεστολιθικών ναννοαπολιθωμάτων, τα οποία δίνουν πληροφορίες για την βιοστρωματογραφία, την παλαιογεωγραφία και το παλαιοπεριβάλλον της περιοχής μελέτης. Η προκείμενη έρευνα έγινε στα πλαίσια του προγράμματος Οδυσσέας Λυόμενος, σε συνεργασία με το Odysseus Unbound Foundation (OUF), το Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ) και το Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθήνών (ΕΚΠΑ). Το συγκεκριμένο πρόγραμμα είχε θέσει ως βασικό και κεντρικό στόχο την απόδειξη της θεωρίας πως η ΒΔ Κεφαλονιά και πιο συγκεκριμένα η χερσόνησος της Παλικής είναι η Ομηρική Ιθάκη. Για την εκπόνηση της εργασίας αυτής, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δείγματα από τρεις διαφορετικές γεωτρήσεις, από την περιοχή του κόλπου του Λιβαδίου, με ονόματα Livadi 1, Livadi 2 και Livadi 4. Αρχικά το σύνολο των δειγμάτων, συλλέχθηκε από την Σχολή Μεταλλειολόγων Μηχανικών, του Εθνικού Μετσόβιου Πολυτεχνείου, από τις προαναφερθείσες γεωτρήσεις και πιο συγκεκριμένα από τους πυρήνες 7, 8, 9 και 10 (με κωδικούς Livadi-1.7, Livadi-1.8, Livadi-1.9, Livadi-1.10, Livadi-2.7, Livadi-2.8, Livadi-2.9, Livadi-2.10 και Livadi-4.7, Livadi-4.8, Livadi-4.9, Livadi-4.10). Στην συνέχεια, τα δείγματα δέχθηκαν ειδική επεξεργασία στο εργαστήριο του τομέα Ιστορικής Γεωλογίας και Παλαιοντολογίας του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, όπου ακολουθήθηκαν οι γνωστές μικροπαλαιοντολογικές μέθοδοι. Έπειτα, έγινε η συλλογή, η μικροπαλαιοντολογική ανάλυση και η αναγνώριση του ασβεστολιθικού ναννοπλαγκτού με την βοήθεια του πολωτικού (LM) και του ηλεκτρονικού μικροσκοπίου (SEM – scanning electron microscope). Το σύνολο των δειγμάτων που αναλύθηκαν ήταν 83 δείγματα και από τις τρεις γεωτρήσεις. Η λογική που πάρθηκαν ήταν ανά δέκα εκατοστά σε κάθε πυρήνα και στην συνέχεια η μικροπαλαιοντολογική ανάλυση έγινε ανά πέντε συλλεχθέντα δείγματα, όπου κρίθηκε απαραίτητο η μελέτη έγινε πιο λεπτομερής και αναλύθηκαν παραπάνω δείγματα έτσι ώστε να εξαχθούν καλύτερα και πιο εμπεριστατωμένα αποτελέσματα. Τέλος, μετά την αναγνώριση και την στατιστική ανάλυση των δειγμάτων, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τα ποσοστά των απολιθωμάτων – δεικτών, σύμφωνα με τα οποία πραγματοποιήθηκε η βιοστρωματογραφική ταξινόμηση των δειγμάτων και προσδιορίστηκε η σχετική τους ηλικία, επιτρέποντας την παλαιοπεριβαλλοντική ανασύσταση των μελετηθείσων ακολουθιών.

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