Hydrocarbon migration and seal properties sensitivity analysis by applying ID/2D/3D basin modeling, Patraikos gulf, Western Greece = Ανάλυση ευαισθησίας μετανάστευσης υδρογονοανθράκων και ιδιοτήτων πετρωμάτων καλυμμάτων με την εδαρμογή μοντελοποίησης λεκάνης ID/2D/3D, Πατραϊκο κόλπος, Δυτική Ελλάδα.
Περίληψη
This dissertation reviews the geological evolution of Western Greece by presenting the most external geotectonic zones, Gavrovo-Tripolis, Ionian, and Pre-Apulian (Paxos). Furthermore, there is a special emphasis on the internal Ionian Zone. The zone comprises Triassic evaporites to Jurassic-Upper Eocene carbonate sediments, and minor cherts, and shales. The Mesozoic sequence is overlain by the characteristic Oligocene turbidite sediments (flysch) of the area and the Miocene to present-day clastic sediments. Three organic-rich intervals of the Mesozoic sequence were used as potential source rocks for the present study. These are the Triassic shales which are dominated by kerogen type I organic matter, the Middle-Upper Jurassic shales, known
as Posidonia beds, dominated by kerogen II organic matter and the Lower Cretaceous shales, known as Vigla shales, which are also dominated by kerogen type II organic matter. A detailed basin modeling study is presented, considering the western Patraikos Gulf area. A variety of applied values were chosen based on data provided by Hellenic Petroleum S.A. and previous papers. Integrated analysis with 1D/2D/3D basin models is presented to better understand the petroleum system activity of the area. Burial history, thermal maturity, timing and extent of petroleum generation and expulsion, migration, and accumulations were modeled for the three source rocks. Based on the modeling results, the most conservative scenario suggests increasing maturity trend as following: Vigla shales < Posidonia beds < Triassic shales. Triassic shales are considered the most important source rock of the area with the capability to generate significant quantities of oil and gas, while Vigla shales, due to its limited expulsion generated low quantities of oil and often do not contribute to the trapped hydrocarbons as modeled. Posidonia beds generated and expelled low quantities of oil. Sensitivity analysis, considering the thermal regime, rifting stage, seal properties, and source rock properties, was also conducted. The analysis was applied to 2D/3D modeling with outcomes of maturation modeling, migration, and hydrocarbon trapping possibilities. The analysis is also separated into two parts. In the first part, the models of various thermal regimes (increasing heat flow value) and rifting stage scenarios result in changes in the maturity level for all three source rocks thus, increasing the trapping hydrocarbons. In the second part, the models of various seal and source rock properties scenarios keep the maturity level constant. However, the increase in the applied values resulted in an increase in the trapped hydrocarbons. No change in the migration process is noticed for the different models.
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