Τεχνικογεωλογική αξιολόγηση και γεωτεχνική ανάλυση ευστάθειας βραχοσφηνών σε υπόγεια έργα σε περιβάλλοντα γνευσίων. Παραδείγματα και εφαρμογές από τον Ελλαδικό χώρο = Engineering geological assessment and geotechnical analysis of wedges' stability in underground excavations on gneissic environment. Case studies and applications in Greece.
Περίληψη
Gneissic rock mass has massive structure and it approaches high values of strength. Thus, those cases have minor problems during excavation. The main weakness surface that is contained is foliation, as an outcome of metamorphism. The high quality of the rock mass decreases as a result of tectonism and weathering. Through tectonic structures, weathering has higher impact in greater depths. The increasing influence of weathering had been described by weathering grades by I.S.R.M. The structure and the joint’s surface when weathering increases, play a key role on the type of failure, since sliding happens along them. The study focuses at the geotechnical behavior of gneiss and the stability of rock wedges, that have been formed by discontinuities. Those are the two main parameters that have to be examined extensively for the greater understanding of gneissic’s rock mass behaviour during underground excavation. The study area is located along the part of Polymylos - Lefkopetra, Egnatia highway, that crosses west Macedonia, it connects the area with the rest unit, and It covers distance of 12.9km. Moreover, four twin tunnels, S10, S11, S12 and S13, have been examined for the purpose of this study. This area consists of Pelagonian unit formations, such as metamorphic and igneous rocks. More specifically, gneiss, gneiss with a variable percentage of granite or existence of schistose and frequent aplite veins. Tectonic activity was observed through shear zones. The data that have been used for the analyses are provided by ‹‹TIAS›› database. The statistical analysis is based on data from laboratory tests and boreholes, while stability analysis is based on the geometrical data of discontinuities’ surfaces. The geotechnical analysis includes statistical analysis and evaluation of laboratory and drilling data. The results show that the uniaxial comprehensive strength ranges from 25-50Mpa with the average value σci=41Mpa. The correlation of uniaxial comprehensive strength with PLT shows the same observations. Based on the RQD (%), the rock mass is characterized by poor quality while weathering descriptions range from II-IV, but the higher percentage is related to slightly weathered rock mass (II). The GSI estimations range between 30-40 which describes moderately weathered rock mass through GSI table for gneiss and it can be related with the range of σci. The values of Q classification indicate as well, poor quality of rock mass. A tectonic analysis showed the main joint sets that can be form wedge geometry. The friction angle that has been used is φpeak=35ο, based on the shear strength tests of the discontinuities. Finally, a parametrical stability analysis was carried out for the unstable units of the rock mass in order to approach the factor of safety and the support measures that can be used for different volume wedges. The main parameter on this analysis is the grade of weathering on discontinuities surface. Finally, through back analysis has been approached the discontinuities’ parameters c and φ that formed wedges can be marginally stable. The stability and back analysis conclude that when weathering increases the factor of safety decreases, leading to instabilities
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