Olimpi mud volcanoes sedimentary records (Hellenic arc): geochemical and micropaleontological characterization = Ιζηματολογική καταγραφή του πεδίου λασποηφαιστείων Olimpi (Ελληνικό Τόξο): γεωχημικός και μικροπαλαιοντολογικός χαρακτηρισμός.

Nikitas P. Anastasios

Olimpi mud volcanoes sedimentary records (Hellenic arc): geochemical and micropaleontological characterization = Ιζηματολογική καταγραφή του πεδίου λασποηφαιστείων Olimpi (Ελληνικό Τόξο): γεωχημικός και μικροπαλαιοντολογικός χαρακτηρισμός.

Nikitas P. Anastasios

Περίληψη

This master thesis produces scientific information concerning the mud breccia extruded from five (5) mud volcanoes of the Olimpi MV field (Mediterranean Ridge). In total, 42 samples (14 mud breccia matrix and 28 clasts samples) were retrieved and studied. Routine micropaleontological (calcareous nannoplankton) analysis has been performed in order to determine the possible age of the deep-seated source strata. In addition, for the first time, the total organic carbon and thermal maturity of samples recovered from deep (sub-salt) layers of the Mediterranean Ridge were determined through organic geochemical study (Rock-Eval pyrolysis) and an attempt to evaluate the oil and gas potential of the sediments has been made. It is concluded that: (1) mudstone/shale clasts of different stratigraphic position were found and attributed to biozones NN7, NN6, NN5, NN4 and NP24, (2) some samples showed a heavy mixing of Miocene and Oligocene nannofossils while others appeared to be barren of nannofossils and consequently could not be dated, (3) samples appeared to be both organic rich (TOC>0.5) and poor (TOC<0.5), mostly comprised of Type III kerogen which is considered immature – nearly mature, with respect to gas and/or oil generation and poor to fair generative potential and (4) a single mudstone clast attributed to NN7 showed a completely different micropaleontological and geochemical image and is considered as of sapropelic origin. The above information seems to confirm and add more information in the S-SW orogen migration theory.

Η παρούσα Μεταπτυχιακή Διατριβή Ειδίκευσης (ΜΔΕ) παρουσιάζει επιστημονικές πληροφορίες σχετικά με τα ιζήματα τύπου "mud breccia" τα οποία αποτίθενται στον πυθμένα της θάλασσας από πέντε (5) δομές λασποηφαιστείων του πεδίου Olimpi (Μεσογειακή Ράχη). Συνολικά, 42 δείγματα (14 δείγματα λασπώδους ιστού "matrix" και 28 δείγματα συμπαγοποιημένου ιζήματος "clasts") ανακτήθηκαν και μελετήθηκαν. Πραγματοποιήθηκε μικροπαλαιοντολογική ανάλυση του περιεχομένου σε ασβεστολιθικό ναννοπλαγκτόν με σκοπό την χρονολόγηση των βαθιά θαμμένων στρωμάτων από όπου προέρχονται τα ιζήματα. Επίσης, για πρώτη φορά πραγματοποιήθηκε μέτρηση του ολικού οργανικού άνθρακα και της θερμικής ωριμότητας από δείγματα των βαθιά θαμμένων (υποκείμενα των εβαποριτών) στρωμάτων της Μεσογειακής Ράχης μέσω οργανικής γεωχημικής μελέτης (Rock-Eval pyrolysis) και πραγματοποιήθηκε αξιολόγηση του πετρελαϊκού δυναμικού τους. Συμπερασματικά: (1) καθορίστηκαν πηλολιθικοί/σχιστοπηλολιθικοί κλάστες διαφορετικής στρωματογραφικής προέλευσης, οι οποίοι αντιστοιχούν στις βιοζώνες ΝΝ7, ΝΝ6, ΝΝ5, ΝΝ4 και ΝP24, (2) σε μερικά δείγματα παρουσιάζεται εικόνα έντονης μίξης ναννοαπολιθωμάτων του Μειοκάινου και Ολιγοκαίνου ενώ άλλα δείγματα δεν περιείχαν καθόλου ναννοαπολιθώματα και συνεπώς ήταν αδύνατη η χρονολόγησή τους, (3) καθορίστηκαν δείγματα πλούσια (TOC>0.5) και φτωχά (TOC<0.5) σε οργανικό υλικό, αποτελούμενα από κηρογόνο Τύπου ΙΙΙ, θερμικά ανώριμα εως οριακά ώριμα, ικανά για την παραγωγή φυσικού αερίου ή/και πετρελαίου και μικρή έως ικανοποιητική παραγωγική ικανότητα και (4) καθορίστηκε ένας πηλολιθικός κλάστης, βιοζώνης ΝΝ7, με εντελώς διαφορετική μικροπαλαιοντολογική και γεωχημική εικόνα, ο οποίος και θεωρήθηκε σαπροπηλικής προέλευσης. Οι παραπάνω πληροφορίες επιβεβαιώνουν προηγούμενες και προσθέτουν επιπλέον πληροφορίες στην Ν-ΝΔ μετανάστευση του (Ελληνικού) ορογενούς.

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