Ηφαιστειογενή κοιτάσματα συμπαγών σουλφιδίων: CU-Σιδηροπυρίτης (τύπου Κύπρου) = Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits: Cu-pyrite (Cyprus Type).
Περίληψη
Λέξεις κλειδιά: Κοιτάσματα, Ηφαιστειογενή Κοιτάσματα, Συμπαγή σουλφίδια, Χαλκός, Κύπρος
Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits, also known as volcanic-associated, volcanic-hosted, and volcano-sedimentary-hosted massive sulfide deposits, are major sources of Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag and Au, and significant sources for Co, Sn, Se, Mn, Cd, In, Bi, Te, Ga and Ge. They typically occur as lenses of polymetallic massive sulfide that form at or near the seafloor in submarine volcanic environments, and are classified according to either base metal content, gold content and host-rock lithology. There are close to 350 known VMS deposits in Canada and over 800 known worldwide. Historically, they account for 27% of Canada's Cu production, 49% of its Zn, 20% of its Pb, 40% of its Ag and 3% of its Au. They are discovered in submarine volcanic terranes that range in age from the 3.4 Ga to actively-forming deposits in modern seafloor environments. The most common feature among all types of VMS deposits is that they are formed in extensional tectonic settings, including both oceanic seafloor spreading and arc environments. Most ancient VMS deposits that are still preserved in the geological record formed mainly in oceanic and continental nascent-arc, rifted arc and back-arc settings. Primitive bimodal mafic volcanic-dominated oceanic rifted arc and bimodal, felsic-dominated siliciclastic continental back-arc terranes contain some of the world's most economically important VMS districts. Most, but not all significant VMS mining districts are defined by deposit clusters formed within rifts or calderas. Their clustering is further attributed to a common heat source that triggers large-scale sub-seafloor fluid convection systems. These subvolcanic intrusions may also supply metals to the VMS hydrothermal systems through magmatic devolatilization.
Key words: Ore deposits, Volcanogenic deposits, Massive sulfides, Copper, Cyprus
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PDFΑναφορές
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