Simulation of the development of the pre-deltaic depositional strata of the Nile River in the Herodotus Basin and comparison with seismic stratigraphic data within the Exclusive Economic Zone of Cyprus = Προσομοίωση της εξέλιξης των προδελταϊκών αποθετικών ακολουθιών του Νείλου ποταμού στη λεκάνη του Ηρόδοτου και σύγκριση με σεισμικά στρωματογραφικά δεδομένα εντός της Κυπριακής ΑΟΖ.
Περίληψη
The aim of the present doctoral dissertation was the study of the Messinian prodeltaic deposits of the Nile River in the Herodotus Basin within the Exclusive Economic Zone of Cyprus. We examine the internal seismic stratigraphy of the Messinian Evaporite, the different deformation patterns of the Messinian deposits, and the main salt-tectonic deformation mechanisms. We interpreted the medium to high amplitude high-frequency seismic reflections located at the base of the Messinian salt in the Herodotus Basin as a channel-lobe complex. The late Messinian deposits were correlated with the late Messinian clastic sequences located at the Nile delta area and a conceptual model was created to explain the deposition of clastic material so far from the source area. Moreover, the interpreted clastic sequences were simulated by using a stratigraphic forward model. Finally, the results of the forward model compared with the interpreted 2D seismic lines
Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη των Μεσσήνιων προδελταϊκών ακολουθιών του ποταμού Νείλου εντός της Κυπριακή Αποκλειστικής Οικονομικής Ζώνης. Εξετάσαμε την σεισμική στρωματογραφία του Μεσσήνιου Εβαπορίτη, τα είδη της τεκτονικής του παραμόρφωσης και του μηχανισμούς που τα προκαλούν. Στη συνέχεια προχωρήσαμε στην ερμηνεία αποθέσεων με υψηλή ανακλαστικότητα. Οι αποθέσεις αυτές ερμηνεύθηκαν στα σεισμικά δεδομένα σαν αποθέσεις βαθιάς θάλασσας και συσχετίσθηκαν με τις Μεσσήνιες ακολουθίες που βρίσκονται στο Δέλτα του ποταμού Νείλου. Στη συνέχεια δημιουργήθηκε ένα εννοιολογικό μοντέλο για να μπορέσει να εξηγηθεί η παρουσία αυτών των κλαστικών αποθέσεων σε τόσο μεγάλη απόσταση μακριά από το Δέλτα του ποταμού Νείλου. Ακολούθως οι ιζηματογενείς ακολουθίες προσομοιώθηκαν με την χρήση μοντέλου αριθμητικής προσομοίωσης αποθετικών ακολουθιών. Τέλος, έγινε σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων της αριθμητικής προσομοίωσης με τα δισδιάστατα σεισμικά δεδομένα που είχαμε ερμηνεύσει.
Πλήρες Κείμενο:
PDFΑναφορές
Aal, A.A., El Barkooky, A., Gerrits, M., Meyer, H., Schwander, M. and Zaki, H., 2000. Tectonic evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin and its significance for hydrocarbon prospectivity in the ultradeepwater of the Nile Delta. The Leading Edge, 19(10), pp.1086-1102.
Abd El-Fattah, B.K., Moustafa, A.R. and Yousef, M., 2021. A new insight into the structural evolution of Rosetta Fault, eastern margin of Herodotus Basin, East Mediterranean. Marine and Petroleum Geology, p.105161.
Abd-Allah, A.M., Aal, M.H.A. and Ghandour, A., 2012. Structural characteristics and tectonic evolution of the northwestern margin of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 68, pp.82-95.
Abdel-Fattah, M.I. and Slatt, R.M., 2013. Sequence stratigraphic controls on reservoir characterization and architecture: case study of the Messinian Abu Madi incised-valley fill, Egypt. Central European Journal of Geosciences, 5(4), pp.497-507.
Abdel‐Fattah, M.I., 2014. Petrophysical characteristics of the messinianabumadi formation in the baltim east and north fields, offshore Nile delta, Egypt. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 37(2), pp.183-195.
Abdelkareem, M., Ghoneim, E., El-Baz, F. and Askalany, M., 2012. New insight on paleoriver development in the Nile basin of the eastern Sahara. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 62(1), pp.35-40.
Allen, H., Jackson, C.A.L. and Fraser, A.J., 2016. Gravity-driven deformation of a youthful saline giant: the interplay between gliding and spreading in the Messinian basins of the Eastern Mediterranean. Petroleum Geoscience, 22(4), pp.340-356.
Allen, P.A. and Allen, J.R., 2013. Basin analysis: Principles and application to petroleum play assessment. John Wiley & Sons, pp. 335-339
Bache, F., Gargani, J., Suc, J.P., Gorini, C., Rabineau, M., Popescu, S.M., Leroux, E., Do Couto, D., Jouannic, G., Rubino, J.L. and Olivet, J.L., 2015. Messinian evaporite deposition during sea level rise in the Gulf of Lions (Western Mediterranean). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 66, pp.262-277.
Barber, P.M., 1981. Messinian subaerial erosion of the proto-Nile Delta. Marine Geology, 44(3-4), pp.253-272.
Bayon, G., Loncke, L., Dupré, S., Caprais, J.C., Ducassou, E., Duperron, S., Etoubleau, J., Foucher, J.P., Fouquet, Y., Gontharet, S. and Henderson, G.M., 2009. Multi-
disciplinary investigation of fluid seepage on an unstable margin: the case of the Central Nile deep sea fan. Marine Geology, 261(1), pp.92-104.
Ben-Avraham, Z., Ginzburg, A., Makris, J. and Eppelbaum, L., 2002. Crustal structure of the Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean. Tectonophysics, 346(1-2), pp.23-43.
Bertoni, C. and Cartwright, J.A., 2006. Controls on the basinwide architecture of late Miocene (Messinian) evaporites on the Levant margin (Eastern Mediterranean). Sedimentary Geology, 188, pp.93-114.
Bertoni, C. and Cartwright, J.A., 2007. Clastic depositional systems at the base of the late Miocene evaporites of the Levant region, Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 285(1), pp.37-52.
Bertoni, C., Kirkham, C., Cartwright, J., Hodgson, N. and Rodriguez, K., 2017. Seismic indicators of focused fluid flow and cross-evaporitic seepage in the Eastern Mediterranean. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 88, pp.472-488.
Blanc, P.L., 2006. Improved modelling of the Messinian Salinity Crisis and conceptual implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 238(1), pp.349-372.
Brun, J.P. and Fort, X., 2011. Salt tectonics at passive margins: Geology versus models. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 28(6), pp.1123-1145.
Brunstrom, R.G.W. and Walmsley, P.J., 1969. Permian evaporites in North Sea basin. AAPG Bulletin, 53(4), pp.870-883.
Burke, K. and Wells, G.L., 1989. Trans-African drainage system of the Sahara: Was it the Nile?. Geology, 17(8), pp.743-747.
Camerlenghi, A. and Cita, M.B., 1987. Setting and tectonic evolution of some Eastern Mediterranean deep-sea basins. Marine geology, 75(1-4), pp.31-55.
Camerlenghi, A., 1990. Anoxic basins of the eastern Mediterranean: geological framework. Marine chemistry, 31(1-3), pp.1-19.
Cameselle, A.L., Urgeles, R., De Mol, B., Camerlenghi, A. and Canning, J.C., 2014. Late Miocene sedimentary architecture of the Ebro Continental Margin (Western Mediterranean): implications to the Messinian Salinity Crisis. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 103(2), pp.423-440.
Carmignani, L., Salvini, R. and Bonciani, F., 2009. Did the Nile River flow to the Gulf of Sirt during the late Miocene?. BollettinodellaSocietaGeologicaItaliana, 128(2), pp.403-408.
Cartwright, J., Jackson, M., Dooley, T. and Higgins, S., 2012. Strain partitioning in gravity-driven shortening of a thick, multilayered evaporite sequence. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 363(1), pp.449-470.
Casten, U. and Snopek, K., 2006. Gravity modelling of the Hellenic subduction zone—a regional study. Tectonophysics, 417(3-4), pp.183-200.
Catterall, V., Redfern, J., Gawthorpe, R., Hansen, D. and Thomas, M., 2010. Architectural style and quantification of a submarine channel–levee system located in a structurally complex area: offshore Nile Delta. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 80(11), pp.991-1017.
Cita, M.B., 2006. Exhumation of Messinian evaporites in the deep-sea and creation of deep anoxic brine-filled collapsed basins. Sedimentary Geology,188, pp.357-378.
Cita, M.B., Beghi, C., Camerlenghi, A., Kastens, K.A., McCoy, F.W., Nosetto, A., Parisi, E., Scolari, F. and Tomadin, L., 1984. Turbidites and megaturbidites from the Herodotus abyssal plain (eastern Mediterranean) unrelated to seismic events. MarineGeology, 55(1-2), pp.79-101.
Clauzon, G., Suc, J.P., Gautier, F., Berger, A. and Loutre, M.F., 1996. Alternate interpretation of the Messinian salinity crisis: Controversy resolved?.Geology, 24(4), pp.363-366.
Coe, A.L., 2003. The sedimentary record of sea-level change. Cambridge University Press.
Colin, C., Siani, G., Liu, Z., Blamart, D., Skonieczny, C., Zhao, Y., Bory, A., Frank, N., Duchamp-Alphonse, S., Thil, F. and Richter, T., 2014. Late Miocene to early Pliocene climate variability off NW Africa (ODP Site 659). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 401, pp.81-95.
Corney, R.K., Peakall, J., Parsons, D.R., Elliott, L., Amos, K.J., Best, J.L., Keevil, G.M. and Ingham, D.B., 2006. The orientation of helical flow in curved channels. Sedimentology, 53(2), pp.249-257.
De Lange, G.J., Catalano, G., Klinkhammer, G.P. and Luther, G.W., 1990a. The interface between oxic seawater and the anoxic Bannock brine; its sharpness and the consequences for the redox-related cycling of Mn and Ba.Marine chemistry, 31(1-3), pp.205-217.
De Lange, G.J., Middelburg, J.J., Van der Weijden, C.H., Catalano, G., Luther, G.W., Hydes, D.J., Woittiez, J.R.W. and Klinkhammer, G.P., 1990b. Composition of anoxic hypersaline brines in the Tyro and Bannock Basins, eastern Mediterranean. Marine Chemistry, 31(1-3), pp.63-88.
De Voogd, B., Truffert, C., Chamot-Rooke, N., Huchon, P., Lallemant, S. and Le Pichon, X., 1992. Two-ship deep seismic soundings in the basins of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Pasiphae cruise). Geophysical Journal International, 109(3), pp.536-552.
Denizot, G., 1952. Le Pliocène dans la vallée du Rhône. Revue de géographie de Lyon, 27(4).
Deptuck, M.E., Steffens, G.S., Barton, M. and Pirmez, C., 2003. Architecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts on the Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 20(6-8), pp.649-676.
Deptuck, M.E., Sylvester, Z., Pirmez, C. and O’Byrne, C., 2007. Migration–aggradation history and 3-D seismic geomorphology of submarine channels in the
Pleistocene Benin-major Canyon, western Niger Delta slope. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 24(6-9), pp.406-433.
Di Celma, C.N., Brunt, R.L., Hodgson, D.M., Flint, S.S. and Kavanagh, J.P., 2011. Spatial and temporal evolution of a Permian submarine slope channel–levee system, Karoo Basin, South Africa. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 81(8), pp.579-599.
Dolson, J.C., Boucher, P.J., Siok, J. and Heppard, P.D., 2005, January. Key challenges to realizing full potential in an emerging giant gas province: Nile Delta/Mediterranean offshore, deep water, Egypt. In Geological Society, London, Petroleum Geology Conference series (Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 607-624). Geological Society of London.
Ducassou, E., Migeon, S., Mulder, T., Murat, A., Capotondi, L., Bernasconi, S.M. and Mascle, J., 2009. Evolution of the Nile deep‐sea turbidite system during the Late Quaternary: influence of climate change on fan sedimentation. Sedimentology, 56(7), pp.2061-2090.
Dupré, S., Buffet, G., Mascle, J., Foucher, J.P., Gauger, S., Boetius, A., Marfia, C., AsterX AUV Team and Quest ROV Team, 2008. High-resolution mapping of large gas emitting mud volcanoes on the Egyptian continental margin (Nile Deep Sea Fan) by AUV surveys. Marine Geophysical Researches, 29(4), pp.275-290.
Dupré, S., Woodside, J., Foucher, J.P., De Lange, G., Mascle, J., Boetius, A., Mastalerz, V., Stadnitskaia, A., Ondréas, H., Huguen, C. and Harmégnies, F., 2007. Seafloor geological studies above active gas chimneys off Egypt (Central Nile Deep Sea Fan). Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 54(7), pp.1146-1172.
Dupré, S., Woodside, J., Klaucke, I., Mascle, J. and Foucher, J.P., 2010. Widespread active seepage activity on the Nile Deep Sea Fan (offshore Egypt) revealed by high-definition geophysical imagery. Marine Geology,275(1), pp.1-19.
Eldrett, J., Tripsanas, E., Davis, C., McKie, T., Vieira, M., Osterloff, P. and Sandison, T., 2015. Sedimentological evolution of Sele Formation deep-marine depositional systems of the Central North Sea. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 403(1), pp.63-98.
Elfassi, Y., Gvirtzman, Z., Katz, O. and Aharonov, E., 2019. Chronology of post-Messinian faulting along the Levant continental margin and its implications for salt tectonics. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 109, pp.574-588.
Farouk, S., Ziko, A., Eweda, S.A. and Said, A.E., 2014. Subsurface Miocene sequence stratigraphic framework in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 91, pp.89-109.
Feng, Y.E., Steinberg, J. and Reshef, M., 2017. Intra-salt deformation: Implications for the evolution of the Messinian evaporites in the Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 88, pp.251-267.
Feng, Y.E., Yankelzon, A., Steinberg, J. and Reshef, M., 2016. Lithology and characteristics of the Messinian evaporite sequence of the deep Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean. Marine Geology, 376, pp.118-131.
Fort, X., Brun, J.P. and Chauvel, F., 2004. Salt tectonics on the Angolan margin, synsedimentary deformation processes. Aapg Bulletin, 88(11), pp.1523-1544.
Frizon de Lamotte, D., Raulin, C., Mouchot, N., Wrobel‐Daveau, J.C., Blanpied, C. and Ringenbach, J.C., 2011. The southernmost margin of the Tethys realm during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic: Initial geometry and timing of the inversion processes. Tectonics, 30(3).
Galloway, W.E., 1998. Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope depositional systems: component facies, stratigraphic architecture, and classification. AAPG bulletin, 82(4), pp.569-595.
Gao, H., Wen, Z., Shi, B., Wang, Z. and Song, C., 2020. Tectonic characteristics of the Eratosthenes Seamount and its periphery: Implications for evolution of the eastern Mediterranean. Marine Geology, 428, p.106266.
Garcia-Castellanos, D., Estrada, F., Jiménez-Munt, I., Gorini, C., Fernández, M., Vergés, J. and De Vicente, R., 2009. Catastrophic flood of the Mediterranean after the Messinian salinity crisis. Nature, 462(7274), pp.778-782.
Gardosh, M.A., Garfunkel, Z., Druckman, Y. and Buchbinder, B., 2010. Tethyan rifting in the Levant Region and its role in Early Mesozoic crustal evolution. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 341(1), pp.9-36.
Garfunkel, Z., 1988. Relation between continental rifting and uplifting: evidence from the Suez rift and northern Red Sea. Tectonophysics, 150(1-2), pp.33-49.
Garfunkel, Z., 1998. Constrains on the origin and history of the Eastern Mediterranean basin. Tectonophysics, 298(1-3), pp.5-35.
Garfunkel, Z., 2004. Origin of the Eastern Mediterranean basin: a reevaluation. Tectonophysics, 391(1), pp.11-34.
Gargani, J. and Rigollet, C., 2007. Mediterranean Sea level variations during the Messinian salinity crisis. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(10), L10405
Gaullier, V. and Vendeville, B.C., 2005. Salt tectonics driven by sediment progradation: Part II—Radial spreading of sedimentary lobes prograding above salt. AAPG bulletin, 89(8), pp.1081-1089.
Gaullier, V., Mart, Y., Bellaiche, G., Mascle, J., Vendeville, B.C., Zitter, T. and Party, S.L.P.I.S., 2000. Salt tectonics in and around the Nile deep-sea fan: insights from the PRISMED II cruise. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 174(1), pp.111-129.
Ge, H., Jackson, M.P. and Vendeville, B.C., 1997. Kinematics and dynamics of salt tectonics driven by progradation. AAPG bulletin, 81(3), pp.398-423.
Gertman, I. and Hecht, A., 2002. The Dead Sea hydrography from 1992 to 2000. Journal of marine systems, 35(3), pp.169-181.
Girdler, R.W. and Styles, P., 1974. Two stage Red Sea floor spreading. Nature, 247(5435), p.7.
Gladstone, R., Flecker, R., Valdes, P., Lunt, D. and Markwick, P., 2007. The Mediterranean hydrologic budget from a Late Miocene global climate simulation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 251(2), pp.254-267.
Gontharet, S., Pierre, C., Blanc-Valleron, M.M., Rouchy, J.M., Fouquet, Y., Bayon, G., Foucher, J.P., Woodside, J., Mascle, J. and Party, T.N.S., 2007. Nature and origin of diagenetic carbonate crusts and concretions from mud volcanoes and pockmarks of the Nile deep-sea fan (eastern Mediterranean Sea). Deep Sea Research Part II:
Topical Studies in Oceanography, 54(11), pp.1292-1311.
Gorini, C., Montadert, L. and Rabineau, M., 2015. New imaging of the salinity crisis: Dual Messinian lowstandmegasequences recorded in the deep basin of both the eastern and western Mediterranean. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 66, pp.278-294.
Goudie, A.S., 2005. The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous.Geomorphology, 67(3), pp.437-456.
Govers, R., Meijer, P. and Krijgsman, W., 2009. Regional isostatic response to Messinian Salinity Crisis events. Tectonophysics, 463(1), pp.109-129.
Granot, R., 2016. Palaeozoic oceanic crust preserved beneath the eastern Mediterranean: Nature Geoscience, v. 9. Doi, 10(1038), pp.701-705.
Griffin, D.L., 2002. Aridity and humidity: two aspects of the late Miocene climate of North Africa and the Mediterranean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 182(1), pp.65-91.
Güneş, P., Aksu, A.E. and Hall, J., 2018. Internal seismic stratigraphy of the Messinian evaporites across the northern sector of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 91, pp.297-320.
Gvirtzman, Z., Manzi, V., Calvo, R., Gavrieli, I., Gennari, R., Lugli, S., Reghizzi, M. and Roveri, M., 2017. Intra-Messinian truncation surface in the Levant Basin explained by subaqueous dissolution. Geology, 45(10), pp.915-918.
Gvirtzman, Z., Reshef, M., Buch-Leviatan, O. and Ben-Avraham, Z., 2013. Intense salt deformation in the Levant Basin in the middle of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 379, pp.108-119.
Gvirtzman, Z., Reshef, M., Buch-Leviatan, O., Groves-Gidney, G., Karcz, Z., Makovsky, Y. and Ben-Avraham, Z., 2015. Bathymetry of the Levant basin: interaction of salt-tectonics and surficial mass movements. Marine Geology, 360, pp.25-39.
Hall, J., Calon, T.J., Aksu, A.E. and Meade, S.R., 2005. Structural evolution of the Latakia Ridge and Cyprus Basin at the front of the Cyprus Arc, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Geology, 221(1-4), pp.261-297.
Hall, J.K., Krasheninnikov, V.A., Hirsch, F., Benjamini, C. and Flexer, A., 2005. Geological Framework of the Levant, Volume II: The Levantine Basin and Israel. Historical Productions, Jerusalem.
Hawie, N., Gorini, C., Deschamps, R., Nader, F.H., Montadert, L., Granjeon, D. and Baudin, F., 2013. Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northern Levant Basin (offshore Lebanon). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 48, pp.392-410.
Heerema, C.J., Talling, P.J., Cartigny, M.J., Paull, C.K., Bailey, L., Simmons, S.M., Parsons, D.R., Clare, M.A., Gwiazda, R., Lundsten, E. and Anderson, K., 2020. What determines the downstream evolution of turbidity currents?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 532, pp.116023.
Hsü, K.J., Montadert, L., Bernoulli, D., Cita, M.B., Erickson, A., Garrison, R.E., Kidd, R.B., Mèlierés, F., Müller, C. and Wright, R., 1977. History of the Mediterranean salinity crisis. Nature, 267(5610), pp.399-403.
Hsü, K.J., Ryan, W.B.F. and Cita, M.B., 1973. Late Miocene desiccation of the Mediterranean. Nature, 242(5395), pp.240-244.
Hubbard, S.M., Covault, J.A., Fildani, A. and Romans, B.W., 2014. Sediment transfer and deposition in slope channels: Deciphering the record of enigmatic deep-sea processes from outcrop. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 126(5-6), pp.857-871.
Hudec, M.R. and Jackson, M.P., 2007. Terra infirma: Understanding salt tectonics. Earth-Science Reviews, 82(1-2), pp.1-28.
Hudec, M.R., Jackson, M.P. and Schultz-Ela, D.D., 2009. The paradox of minibasin subsidence into salt: Clues to the evolution of crustal basins. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 121(1-2), pp.201-221.
Hussein, I.M. and Abd-Allah, A.M.A., 2001. Tectonic evolution of the northeastern part of the African continental margin, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 33(1), pp.49-68.
Imran, J., Islam, M.A. and Kassem, A., 2008. “The orientation of helical flow in curved channels” by Corney et al., Sedimentology, Vol. 53, pp. 249–257–discussion. Sedimentology, 55(1), pp.235-239.
Issawi, B. and McCauley, J.F., 1992. The Cenozoic rivers of Egypt: the Nile problem. The followers of Horus, Studies dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman, Oxbow Monograph, 20, pp.121-138.
Issawi, B. and Osman, R., 2008. Egypt during the Cenozoic: geological history of the Nile River. Bulletin of the Tethys Geological Society, 3, pp.43-62.
Jackson, J. and McKenzie, D., 1988. The relationship between plate motions and seismic moment tensors, and the rates of active deformation in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Geophysical Journal International, 93(1), pp.45-73.
Jackson, M.P. and Hudec, M.R., 2017. Salt tectonics: Principles and practice. Cambridge University Press.
Jackson, M.P., Vendeville, B.C. and Schultz-Ela, D.D., 1994. Structural dynamics of salt systems. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 22(1), pp.93-117.
Jagger, L.J., Bevan, T.G. and McClay, K.R., 2018. Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the SE Mediterranean passive margin, offshore Egypt and Libya. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 476, pp. SP476-10.
Kolla, V., Posamentier, H.W. and Wood, L.J., 2007. Deep-water and fluvial sinuous channels—Characteristics, similarities and dissimilarities, and modes of formation. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 24(6-9), pp.388-405.
Koltermann, C.E. and Gorelick, S.M., 1996. Heterogeneity in sedimentary deposits: A review of structure‐imitating, process‐imitating, and descriptive approaches. Water Resources Research, 32(9), pp.2617-2658.
Krijgsman, W. and Meijer, P.T., 2008. Depositional environments of the Mediterranean “Lower Evaporites” of the Messinian salinity crisis: constraints from quantitative analyses. Marine Geology, 253(3), pp.73-81.
Krijgsman, W., Capella, W., Simon, D., Hilgen, F.J., Kouwenhoven, T.J., Meijer, P.T., Sierro, F.J., Tulbure, M.A., van den Berg, B.C., van der Schee, M. and Flecker, R., 2018. The Gibraltar Corridor: Watergate of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Marine Geology, 403, pp.238-246.
Krijgsman, W., Hilgen, F.J., Raffi, I., Sierro, F.J. and Wilson, D.S., 1999. Chronology, causes and progression of the Messinian salinity crisis. Nature, 400 (6745), pp.652-655.
Leila, M. and Moscariello, A., 2019. Seismic stratigraphy and sedimentary facies analysis of the pre-and syn-Messinian salinity crisis sequences, onshore Nile Delta, Egypt: Implications for reservoir quality prediction. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 101, pp.303-321.
Leila, M., Moscariello, A. and Šegvić, B., 2019. Depositional facies controls on the diagenesis and reservoir quality of the Messinian Qawasim and Abu Madi formations, onshore Nile Delta, Egypt. Geological Journal, 54(3), pp.1797-1813.
Leroux, E., Aslanian, D., Rabineau, M., Moulin, M., Granjeon, D., Gorini, C. and Droz, L., 2015. Sedimentary markers in the Provençal Basin (western Mediterranean): a window into deep geodynamic processes. Terra Nova, 27(2), pp.122-129.
Letouzey, J., Colletta, B., Vially, R. &Chermette, J.C. 1995. Evolution of salt-related structures in compressional settings. In: Jackson, M.P.A., Roberts, D.G. &Snelson, S. (eds) Salt Tectonics: a Global Perspective. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoirs, 65, 29–40.
Lofi, J., 2018. Seismic Atlas of the Messinian Salinity Crisis markers in the Mediterranean Sea (Vol. 2). CGMW and Mémoires de la Société Géologie de France.
Lofi, J., Gorini, C., Berné, S., Clauzon, G., Dos Reis, A.T., Ryan, W.B. and Steckler, M.S., 2005. Erosional processes and paleo-environmental changes in the Western Gulf of Lions (SW France) during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Marine Geology, 217(1-2), pp.1-30.
Loget, N., Davy, P. and Van den Driessche, J., 2006. Mesoscale fluvial erosion parameters deduced from modeling the Mediterranean Sea level drop during the Messinian (late Miocene). Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 111(F3).
Loget, N., Driessche, J.V.D. and Davy, P., 2005. How did the Messinian salinity crisis end? Terra Nova, 17(5), pp.414-419.
Loncke, L., Gaullier, V., Bellaiche, G. and Mascle, J., 2002. Recent depositional patterns of the Nile deep-sea fan from echo-character mapping.AAPG bulletin, 86(7).
Loncke, L., Gaullier, V., Droz, L., Ducassou, E., Migeon, S. and Mascle, J., 2009. Multiscale slope instabilities along the Nile deep-sea fan, Egyptian margin: a general overview. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26(5), pp.633-646.
Loncke, L., Gaullier, V., Mascle, J., Vendeville, B. and Camera, L., 2006. The Nile deep-sea fan: an example of interacting sedimentation, salt tectonics, and inherited subsalt paleotopographic features. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 23(3), pp.297-315.
Loncke, L., Mascle, J. and Parties, F.S., 2004. Mud volcanoes, gas chimneys, pockmarks and mounds in the Nile deep-sea fan (Eastern Mediterranean): geophysical evidences. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21(6), pp.669-689.
Lugli, S., Gennari, R., Gvirtzman, Z., Manzi, V., Roveri, M. and Schreiber, B.C., 2013. Evidence of clastic evaporites in the canyons of the Levant Basin (Israel): Implications for the Messinian salinity crisis. Journal of sedimentary research, 83(11), pp.942-954.
Lugli, S., Manzi, V., Roveri, M. and Schreiber, B.C., 2015. The deep record of the Messinian salinity crisis: Evidence of a non-desiccated Mediterranean Sea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 433, pp.201-218.
Macgregor, D., 2011. Rift shoulder source to prodelta sink: The Cenozoic development of the Nile drainage system. Search and Discovery Article,50506.
Macgregor, D.S., 2012. The development of the Nile drainage system: integration of onshore and offshore evidence. Petroleum Geoscience, 18(4), pp.417-431.
Madof, A.S., Bertoni, C. and Lofi, J., 2019. Discovery of vast fluvial deposits provides evidence for drawdown during the late Miocene Messinian salinity crisis. Geology, 47(2), pp.171-174.
Mahmoud, M., Ghorab, M., Shazly, T., Shibl, A. and Abuhagaza, A.A., 2017. Reservoir characterization utilizing the well logging analysis of Abu Madi Formation, Nile Delta, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 26(3), pp.649-659.
Makris, J., Abraham, Z.B., Behle, A., Ginzburg, A., Giese, P., Steinmetz, L., Whitmarsh, R.B. and Eleftheriou, S., 1983. Seismic refraction profiles between Cyprus and Israel and their interpretation. Geophysical Journal International, 75(3), pp.575-591.
Makris, J., Papoulia, J. and Yegorova, T., 2013. A 3-D density model of Greece constrained by gravity and seismic data. Geophysical Journal International, 194(1), pp.1-17.
Manzi, V., Gennari, R., Hilgen, F., Krijgsman, W., Lugli, S., Roveri, M. and Sierro, F.J., 2013. Age refinement of the Messinian salinity crisis onset in the Mediterranean. Terra Nova, 25(4), pp.315-322.
Manzi, V., Gennari, R., Lugli, S., Persico, D., Reghizzi, M., Roveri, M., Schreiber, B.C., Calvo, R., Gavrieli, I. and Gvirtzman, Z., 2018. The onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the deep Eastern Mediterranean basin. Terra Nova, 30(3), pp.189-198.
Manzi, V., Lugli, S., Roveri, M., Dela Pierre, F., Gennari, R., Lozar, F., Natalicchio, M., Schreiber, B.C., Taviani, M. and Turco, E., 2016. The Messinian salinity crisis in Cyprus: a further step towards a new stratigraphic framework for Eastern Mediterranean. Basin Research, 28(2), pp.207-236.
Marzocchi, A., Flecker, R., Van Baak, C.G., Lunt, D.J. and Krijgsman, W., 2016. Mediterranean outflow pump: An alternative mechanism for the Lago-mare and the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Geology, 44(7), pp.523-526.
Mascle, J., Benkhelil, J., Bellaiche, G., Zitter, T., Woodside, J. and Loncke, L., 2000. Marine geologic evidence for a Levantine-Sinai plate, a new piece of the Mediterranean puzzle. Geology, 28(9), pp.779-782.
Mascle, J., Sardou, O., Loncke, L., Migeon, S., Caméra, L. and Gaullier, V., 2006. Morphostructure of the Egyptian continental margin: insights from swath bathymetry surveys. Marine Geophysical Researches, 27(1), pp.49-59.
Mascle, J., Zitter, T., Bellaiche, G., Droz, L., Gaullier, V., Loncke, L. and Party, P.S., 2001. The Nile deep sea fan: preliminary results from a swath bathymetry survey. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 18(4), pp.471-477.
Meijer, P.T. and Krijgsman, W., 2005. A quantitative analysis of the desiccation and re-filling of the Mediterranean during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 240(2), pp.510-520.
Meijer, P.T., 2006. A box model of the blocked-outflow scenario for the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 248(1), pp.486-494.
Meilijson, A., Steinberg, J., Hilgen, F., Bialik, O.M., Waldmann, N.D. and Makovsky, Y., 2018. Deep-basin evidence resolves a 50-year-old debate and demonstrates synchronous onset of Messinian evaporite deposition in a non-desiccated Mediterranean. Geology, 46(3), pp.243-246.
Micallef, A., Camerlenghi, A., Garcia-Castellanos, D., Otero, D.C., Gutscher, M.A., Barreca, G., Spatola, D., Facchin, L., Geletti, R., Krastel, S. and Gross, F., 2018. Evidence of the Zanclean megaflood in the eastern Mediterranean Basin. Scientific Reports, 8(1), pp.1078.
Migeon, S., Ducassou, E., Le Gonidec, Y., Rouillard, P., Mascle, J. and Revel-Rolland, M., 2010. Lobe construction and sand/mud segregation by turbidity currents and debris flows on the western Nile deep-sea fan (Eastern Mediterranean). Sedimentary Geology, 229(3), pp.124-143.
Montadert, L., Lie, Ø., Semb, P.H. and Kassinis, S., 2010. New seismic may put offshore Cyprus hydrocarbon prospects in the spotlight. First Break,28(4).
Montadert, L., Nicolaides, S., Semb, P.H. and Lie, Ø., 2014. Petroleum systems offshore Cyprus. AAPG Memoir 106: Petroleum Systems of the Tethyan Region, pp. 301-334
Morehead, M.D., Syvitski, J.P. and Hutton, E.W., 2001. The link between abrupt climate change and basin stratigraphy: a numerical approach. Global and Planetary Change, 28(1-4), pp.107-127.
Moss, J.L., Cartwright, J. and Moore, R., 2012. Evidence for fluid migration following pockmark formation: Examples from the Nile Deep Sea Fan. Marine Geology, 303, pp.1-13.
Mulder, T., Syvitski, J.P., Migeon, S., Faugeres, J.C. and Savoye, B., 2003. Marine hyperpycnal flows: initiation, behavior and related deposits. A review. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 20(6-8), pp.861-882.
Murris, R.J., 1981. Middle East--Stratigraphic Evolution and Oil Habitat. AAPG Bulletin, 65(7), pp.1358-1358.
Nesteroff, W.D., 1973. Mineralogy, petrography, distribution, and origin of the Messinian Mediterranean evaporites. Initial reports of the deep sea drilling project, 13(part 2), pp.673-694.
Netzeband, G.L., Gohl, K., Hübscher, C.P., Ben-Avraham, Z., Dehghani, G.A., Gajewski, D. and Liersch, P., 2006. The Levantine Basin—crustal structure and origin. Tectonophysics, 418(3-4), pp.167-188.
Netzeband, G.L., Hübscher, C.P. and Gajewski, D., 2006b. The structural evolution of the Messinian evaporites in the Levantine Basin. Marine Geology, 230(3-4), pp.249-273.
Ottes, W., Lambregts, P. and El Barkooky, A., 2008. The Messinian Salinity Crisis in the Nile Delta: chasing shallow marine reservoirs in a deep-water basin. CIESM, pp.107-109.
Overeem, I., Syvitski, J.P. and Hutton, E.W., 2005. Three-dimensional numerical modeling of deltas.
Papadimitriou, N., Gorini, C., Nader, F.H., Deschamps, R., Symeou, V. and Lecomte, J.C., 2018. Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the western margin of the Levant Basin (offshore Cyprus). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 91, pp.683-705.
Peck, J., 2008. Giant oil prospects lie in distal portion of offshore East Mediterranean basin. Oil and Gas Journal, 106(37).
Peck, J.M. and Horscroft, T.R., 2005. 'Bottom-up'analysis identifies eastern Mediterranean prospects. Offshore, 65(6), pp.122-125.
Peel, F.J., 2014. How do salt withdrawal minibasins form? Insights from forward modelling, and implications for hydrocarbon migration. Tectonophysics, 630, pp.222-235.
Pigott, J.D. and Abdel-Fattah, M.I., 2014. Seismic stratigraphy of the Messinian Nile Delta coastal plain: Recognition of the fluvial Regressive Systems Tract and its potential for hydrocarbon exploration. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 95, pp.9-21.
Popescu, S.M., Dalibard, M., Suc, J.P., Barhoun, N., Melinte-Dobrinescu, M.C., Bassetti, M.A., Deaconu, F., Head, M.J., Gorini, C., Do Couto, D. and Rubino, J.L., 2015. Lago Mare episodes around the Messinian–Zanclean boundary in the deep southwestern Mediterranean. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 66, pp.55-70.
Posamentier, H.W. and Kolla, V., 2003. Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 73(3), pp.367-388.
Posamentier, H.W., 2003. Depositional elements associated with a basin floor channel-levee system: case study from the Gulf of Mexico. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 20(6-8), pp.677-690.
Posamentier, H.W., Davies, R.J., Cartwright, J.A. and Wood L., 2007. Seismic geomorphology: applications to hydrocarbon exploration and production. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 277, pp.1-14.
Rabineau, M., Cloetingh, S., Kuroda, J., Aslanian, D., Droxler, A., Gorini, C., García-Castellanos, D., Moscariello, A., Burov, E., Sierro, F. and Lirer, F., 2015. Probing connections between deep earth and surface processes in a land-locked ocean basin transformed into a giant saline basin: The Mediterranean GOLD project. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 66, pp.6-17.
Rabineau, M., Leroux, E., Aslanian, D., Bache, F., Gorini, C., Moulin, M., Molliex, S., Droz, L., Dos Reis, A.T., Rubino, J.L. and Guillocheau, F., 2014. Quantifying subsidence and isostatic readjustment using sedimentary paleomarkers, example from the Gulf of Lion. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 388, pp.353-366.
Rabinowitz, P.D. and LaBrecque, J., 1979. The Mesozoic South Atlantic Ocean and evolution of its continental margins. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 84(B11), pp.5973-6002.
Radeff, G., Schildgen, T.F., Cosentino, D., Strecker, M.R., Cipollari, P., Darbaş, G. and Gürbüz, K., 2017. Sedimentary evidence for late Messinian uplift of the SE margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau: Adana Basin, southern Turkey. Basin Research, 29, pp.488-514.
Reading, H.G. ed., 2009. Sedimentary environments: processes, facies and stratigraphy. John Wiley & Sons, pp.424-434
Reeder, M.S., Rothwell, R.G. and Stow, D.A., 2000. Influence of sea level and basin physiography on emplacement of the late Pleistocene Herodotus Basin Megaturbidite, SE Mediterranean Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 17(2), pp.199-218.
Reiche, S., Hübscher, C. and Beitz, M., 2014. Fault-controlled evaporite deformation in the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean. Marine Geology, 354, pp.53-68.
Reiche, S., Hübscher, C. and Ehrhardt, A., 2016. The impact of salt on the late Messinian to recent tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Cyprus subduction zone. Basin Research, 28(5), pp.569-597.
Robertson, A.H. and Mart, Y., 1998. Eratosthenes Seamount: an oceanographic yardstick recording the Late Mesozoic-Tertiary geological history of the Eastern Mediterranean. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 160; Chapter 52.
Robertson, A.H. and Mountrakis, D., 2006. Tectonic development of the Eastern Mediterranean region: an introduction. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 260(1), pp.1-9.
Robertson, A.H., 1998. Tectonic significance of the Eratosthenes Seamount: a continental fragment in the process of collision with a subduction zone in the eastern Mediterranean (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 160). Tectonophysics, 298(1), pp.63-82.
Robertson, A.H.F. and Dixon, J.E., 1984. Introduction: aspects of the geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17(1), pp.1-74.
Robertson, A.H.F. and Kinnaird, T.C., 2016. Structural development of the central Kyrenia Range (north Cyprus) in its regional setting in the eastern Mediterranean region. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 105(1), pp.417-437.
Rohling, E.J., Schiebel, R. and Siddall, M., 2008. Controls on Messinian lower evaporite cycles in the Mediterranean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 275(1), pp.165-171.
Rouchy, J.M. and Caruso, A., 2006. The Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean basin: a reassessment of the data and an integrated scenario.Sedimentary Geology, 188, pp.35-67.
Roveri, M., Gennari, R., Lugli, S., Manzi, V., Minelli, N., Reghizzi, M., Riva, A., Rossi, M.E. and Schreiber, B.C., 2016. The Messinian salinity crisis: open problems and possible implications for Mediterranean petroleum systems. Petroleum Geoscience, 22(4), pp.283-290.
Roveri, M., Lugli, S., Manzi, V., Gennari, R. and Schreiber, B.C., 2014a. High-resolution strontium isotope stratigraphy of the Messinian deep Mediterranean basins: Implications for marginal to central basins correlation. Marine Geology, 349, pp.113-125.
Roveri, M., Manzi, V., Bergamasco, A., Falcieri, F.M., Gennari, R., Lugli, S. and Schreiber, B.C., 2014b. Dense shelf water cascading and Messinian canyons: a new scenario for the Mediterranean salinity crisis. American Journal of Science, 314(3), pp.751-784.
Rowan, M.G., Peel, F.J. and Vendeville, B.C., 2004. Gravity-driven fold belts on passive margins.
Rowan, M.G., Peel, F.J. and Vendeville, B.C., 2004. Gravity-driven fold belts on passive margins. In K. R. McClay, Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems: AAPG Memoir, 82, pp. 157-182.
Rowan, M.G., Peel, F.J., Vendeville, B.C. and Gaullier, V., 2012. Salt tectonics at passive margins: Geology versus models–Discussion. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 37(1), pp.184-194.
Ryan, W.B. and Cita, M.B., 1978. The nature and distribution of Messinian erosional surfaces—Indicators of a several-kilometer-deep Mediterranean in the Miocene. Marine Geology, 27(3-4), pp.193-230.
Ryan, W.B., 2008. Modeling the magnitude and timing of evaporative drawdown during the Messinian salinity crisis. Stratigraphy, 5(1), pp.227-243.
Ryan, W.B., 2009. Decoding the Mediterranean salinity crisis.Sedimentology, 56(1), pp.95-136.
Said, R., 1981. The geological evolution of the River Nile. Springer Science & Business Media, pp.13-17
Said, R., 1993. The River Nile: geology, hydrology and utilization. Elsevier.
Salvador, A., 1987. Late Triassic-Jurassic paleogeography and origin of Gulf of Mexico basin. AAPG Bulletin, 71(4), pp.419-451.
Sarhan, M.A., 2015. High resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Late Miocene Abu Madi Formation, Northern Nile Delta Basin. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 4(2), pp.298-306.
Schattner, U. and Ben‐Avraham, Z., 2007. Transform margin of the northern Levant, eastern Mediterranean: From formation to reactivation. Tectonics, 26(5).
Schlumberger, 2019, GPM Geological Process Modeling Software. User Guide.
Schultz-Ela, D.D., 2001. Excursus on gravity gliding and gravity spreading. Journal of structural geology, 23(5), pp.725-731.
Shanmugam, G., 2000. 50 years of the turbidite paradigm (1950s—1990s): deep-water processes and facies models—a critical perspective. Marine and petroleum Geology, 17(2),pp.285-342.
Shanmugam, G., 2016. Submarine fans: a critical retrospective (1950–2015). Journal of Palaeogeography, 5(2), pp.110-184.
Symeou, V., Homberg, C., Nader, F.H., Darnault, R., Lecomte, J.C. and Papadimitriou, N., 2018. Longitudinal and temporal evolution of the tectonic style along the Cyprus Arc system, assessed through 2‐D reflection seismic interpretation. Tectonics, 37(1), pp.30-47.
Syvitski, J.P. and Kettner, A., 2011. Sediment flux and the Anthropocene. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 369(1938), pp.957-975.
Syvitski, J.P. and Milliman, J.D., 2007. Geology, geography, and humans battle for dominance over the delivery of fluvial sediment to the coastal ocean. The Journal of Geology, 115(1), pp.1-19.
Tari, G.C., Ashton, P.R., Coterill, K.L. and Molnar, J.S., 2002. Are West Africa deepwater salt tectonics analogous to the Gulf of Mexico?. Oil & Gas Journal, 100(9), pp.73-73.
Teama, M.A., Kassab, M.A., Cheadle, B.A., Mesbah, M.A., Mohamed, I.F. and El-Din, E.S., 2017. 3D seismic and formation micro-imager (FMI) integrated study to delineate depositional pattern of Abu Madi (Upper Miocene) clastic reservoir rocks in El-Wastani gas field, onshore Nile Delta, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum,
(4), pp. 747-758
Tetzlaff, D., Tveiten, J., Salomonsen, P., Christ, A., Athmer, W., Borgos, H.G., Sonneland, L., Martinez, C. and Raggio, M.F., 2014. Geologic process modeling. In IX Congreso de Exploración y Desarrollo de Hidrocarburos-IAPG, Mendoza, Argentina (pp. 1-16).
Tetzlaff, D.M. and Schafmeister, M.T., 2007. Interaction among sedimentation, compaction, and groundwater flow in coastal settings. Coastline Changes: Interrelation of Climate and Geological Processes, 426, p.65.
Tripsanas, E.K., Piper, D.J. and Campbell, D.C., 2008. Evolution and depositional structure of earthquake-induced mass movements and gravity flows: Southwest Orphan Basin, Labrador Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 25(7), pp.645-662.
Urgeles, R., Camerlenghi, A., Garcia Castellanos, D., De Mol, B., Garcés, M., Vergés, J., Haslam, I. and Hardman, M., 2011. New constraints on the Messinian Sea level drawdown from 3D seismic data of the Ebro Margin, western Mediterranean. Basin Research, 23(2), pp.123-145.
Van Hinsbergen, D.J., Torsvik, T.H., Schmid, S.M., Maţenco, L.C., Maffione, M., Vissers, R.L., Gürer, D. and Spakman, W., 2019. Orogenic architecture of the Mediterranean region and kinematic reconstruction of its tectonic evolution since the Triassic. Gondwana Research, 81, pp.79-229
Vandré, C., Cramer, B., Gerling, P. and Winsemann, J., 2007. Natural gas formation in the westernNile delta (Eastern Mediterranean): thermogenic versus microbial. Organic Geochemistry, 38(4), pp.523-539.
Vendeville, B.C., 2005. Salt tectonics driven by sediment progradation: Part I—Mechanics and kinematics. AAPG bulletin, 89(8), pp.1071-1079.
Walley, C.D., 1998. Some outstanding issues in the geology of Lebanon and their importance in the tectonic evolution of the Levantine region. Tectonophysics, 298(1-3), pp.37-62.
Zucker, E., Gvirtzman, Z., Steinberg, J. and Enzel, Y., 2020. Salt tectonics in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: Where a giant delta meets a salt giant. Geology, 48(2), pp.134-138.
Εισερχόμενη Αναφορά
- Δεν υπάρχουν προς το παρόν εισερχόμενες αναφορές.