Well completion for hydrocarbons production and production logging = Η συμπλήρωση γεωτρήσεων για την παραγωγή υδρογονανθράκων και οι διαγραφίες παραγωγής.
Περίληψη
Well Completion, refers to the operations that prepare a well for production (or injection). These operations include preparing the reservoir to wellbore interface, begin by first installing the conductor pipe and finish by installing the production tubing and the structural system and equipment, which is necessary for the production of the hydrocarbons. However, the well completion’ specifics are very variable, depending on the geological formation and operator.
The present MSc thesis, defines the well architecture which is a fundamental aspect of well design, from the onshore activities, to smart well technology in Deepwater field. Furthermore, the concept of well completion engineering and equipment for hydrocarbons production is presented, and the different types of production logging. Studying and characterizing the reservoir can play a vital role in improving and maximizing its performance and production, in general.
So, to assist with the allocation of production to different zones, and to diagnose production problems such as leaks or crossflows, production logging techniques are developed. A review of this technology, is therefore provided in this thesis, in order to gain a detailed procedure and measurement understanding of the different production logging tools.
Thus, the importance of proper analysis is necessary to be illustrated in well completion for hydrocarbons production and production logging.
"Η Μ.Δ.Ε. επιχειρεί να καλύψει βασικές έννοιες σχετιζόμενες με την ολοκλήρωση των γεωτρήσεων [well completion] και να παρουσιάσει συγκεντρωτικά τις δραστηριότητες των μηχανικών ταμιευτήρων, μηχανικών γεωτρήσεων, μηχανικών πετρελαίου και μηχανικών παραγωγής. Η ολοκλήρωση μιας γεώτρησης ξεκινά με την τοποθέτηση των σωλήνων επένδυσης σε επαφή με τους γεωλογικούς σχηματισμούς και τελειώνει με την εγκατάσταση του εξοπλισμού παραγωγής και των εγκαταστάσεων επιφανείας. Οι λεπτομέρειες της ολοκλήρωσης ενός φρεατίου είναι πολύ μεταβλητές, και εξαρτώνται κυρίως από τους γεωλογικούς σχηματισμούς χωρίς εντούτοις να παραγνωρίζεται και η εμπειρία των χειριστών.
Στη Μ.Δ.Ε. αρχικά παρουσιάζεται ο σχεδιασμός της ολοκλήρωσης μιας γεώτρησης ξεκινώντας πρώτα από τις χερσαίες γεωτρήσεις και καταλήγοντας στα πολύ εξελιγμένα υποθαλάσσια, ‘έξυπνα’ φρεάτια, βαθέων υδάτων. Παρουσιάζονται όλες οι διαδικασίες ολοκλήρωσης, οι διάφοροι τύποι εξοπλισμού για την ολοκλήρωση μιας γεώτρησης και την παραγωγή υδρογονανθράκων, καθώς και οι μέθοδοι καταγραφής των παραμέτρων παραγωγής [production logging]. Η μελέτη και ο χαρακτηρισμός του ταμιευτήρα κατά την παραγωγή, μπορεί να παίξει σημαντικότατο ρόλο στη βελτίωση της απόδοσης των ταμιευτήρων και γενικότερα στη βελτιστοποίηση της παραγωγής. Οι μέθοδοι καταγραφής των παραμέτρων της
παραγωγής βοηθούν στον διαμερισμό της παραγωγής από διαφορετικές ζώνες/ορίζοντες, καθώς και στη διάγνωση προβλημάτων, όπως διαρροές ή crossflows. Στη Μ.Δ.Ε. παρουσιάζονται όλοι οι φωρατές για την εκτέλεση του production logging, με λεπτομερή περιγραφή του τρόπου λειτουργίας αυτών. Έτσι, καταδεικνύεται η σημασία της σωστής ανάλυσης τόσο για την πλήρη και ορθή ολοκλήρωση μιας γεώτρησης όσο και για τη διαδικασία καταγραφής κατά την παραγωγή”.
Πλήρες Κείμενο:
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