Η μεταβολή του κλίματος στην Ισπανία = The climate change in Spain.

Βασιλική Γεώργιος Κοφινάκη

Η μεταβολή του κλίματος στην Ισπανία = The climate change in Spain.

Βασιλική Γεώργιος Κοφινάκη

Περίληψη

Στη συγκεκριμένη εργασία, γίνεται ανάλυση της μεταβολής του κλίματος όπως αυτή διαμορφώνεται στην Ισπανία τα τελευταία χρόνια, στα πλαίσια μίας ευρύτερης παγκόσμιας κλιματικής αλλαγής. Σκοπός είναι η ευρύτερη εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων τόσο για το σύνολο της χώρας όσο και για τις επιμέρους περιοχές.
     Στο πρώτο εισαγωγικό κεφάλαιο της εργασίας γίνεται εκτενής αναφορά στην κλιματική αλλαγή. Περιγράφεται πως έχει διαφοροποιηθεί το κλίμα ανά τον κόσμο και τι επηρεάζει αυτό με τη σειρά του. Δίνονται, επίσης, κάποια (επιγραμματικά) παραδείγματα περιοχών του κόσμου, πως σε αυτές διαφοροποιήθηκαν οι κλιματολογικές συνθήκες και με τι αποτελέσματα.
Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο, αναλύεται το ισπανικό κλίμα. Γίνεται περιγραφή του -κατά τόπους- κλίματος στη χώρα, όπως αυτό διαμορφώνεται στην έως τώρα εποχή και πως αυτό ασκεί επιρροή στα εγχώρια οικοσυστήματα καθώς και στη ζωή και ανάπτυξη των ανθρώπινων κοινοτήτων.
     Το τρίτο κεφάλαιο αποτελεί το κυρίως θέμα της εργασίας. Παρατίθεται ως μία εκτενής βιβλιογραφική μελέτη, στην οποία αναλύεται πως έχει μεταβληθεί το κλίμα στην Ισπανία, κατά τα τελευταία χρόνια στις διάφορες περιοχές της χώρας. Αυτό μπορεί να περιλαμβάνει μεγέθη και στοιχεία, όπως το θερμοκρασιακό προφίλ διάφορων περιοχών, τα ύψη βροχοπτώσεων, η κλιματική ιδιαιτερότητα της κάθε περιοχής, η παρουσία ακραίων καιρικών φαινομένων όπως τυφώνες κ.ά. Πάνω σε αυτό, αναλύεται επίσης, πόσο η κλιματική διαφοροποίηση επηρεάζει στοιχεία όπως η αγροτική παραγωγή, η εντόπια χλωρίδα και πανίδα, οι υδροφόροι ορίζοντες κ.ά. (Εν προκειμένω, θα υπάρξουν -επί μέρους- ενότητες στις οποίες θα γίνεται εκτενέστερη αναφορά ανάλογα τις περιοχές και τις ιδιαιτερότητές τους).
     Το τέταρτο κεφάλαιο πραγματεύεται την ύπαρξη μεθόδων και μηχανισμών για την αντιστάθμιση των επιπτώσεων της κλιματικής αλλαγής. Γίνεται ανάλυση σε μέσα, τα οποία χρησιμοποιούνται (ή μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν, μελλοντικά) στην περίπτωση της Ισπανίας και αποτελούν αξιόπιστες και βιώσιμες επιλογές στη διαχείριση της διαφοροποίησης του κλίματος στη χώρα.
     Στο τέλος, υπάρχει κεφάλαιο στο οποίο θα αναπτύσσεται εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων βάσει των όσων μεγεθών και στοιχείων αναλύθηκαν στα προηγούμενα κεφάλαια. Μέσω αυτών, θα γίνει μία προσπάθεια εύρεσης της τελικής διαμόρφωσης των κλιματικών χαρακτηριστικών της Ισπανίας και κατά πόσο αυτή μπορεί να μεταβάλει τις έως τώρα περιβαλλοντικές και κοινωνιολογικές συνθήκες στη χώρα, καθώς και κατά πόσο δύναται αυτή να αντισταθμιστεί σε περιπτώσεις αρνητικών επιπτώσεων σε αυτές.

    In this paper, we analyze the climate change as it is shaped in Spain in recent years, in the context of a wider global climate change. The aim is to draw wider conclusions both for the country as a whole, as well as for the individual regions.
    In the first introductory chapter of the paper an extensive reference to climate change is made. It describes how the climate has changed around the world and what this in turn affects. There are also some (epigrammatic) examples of regions of the world, how the climatic conditions differed in them and with what results.
    In the second chapter, the Spanish climate is analyzed. It describes the -in some places- climate in the country, as it is formed in the current era and how it affects the domestic ecosystems as well as the life and development of human communities.
    The third chapter is the main topic of the work. It is cited as an extensive bibliographic study, which analyzes how the climate in Spain has changed in recent years in various parts of the country. This may include sizes and elements, such as the temperature profile of different areas, rainfall heights, the climatic specificity of each area, the presence of extreme phenomena such as hurricanes, etc. On this, it is also analyzed how much climate change affects elements such as agricultural production, local flora and fauna, aquifers, etc. (In this case, there will be - in part - sections regarding the locations that are mentioned in more detail depending on the areas and their specifics).
    The fourth chapter deals with the existence of methods and mechanisms to compensate for the effects of climate change. An analysis is made of instruments that refer (or may be used, in the future) to the case of Spain and are reliable and sustainable choices in managing climate change in the country.
    Finally, there is a chapter in which conclusions will be drawn based on the figures and data analyzed in the previous chapters. Through them, an attempt will be made to find the final configuration of the climatic characteristics of Spain and whether it can be transferred so far environmental and sociological conditions in the country, as well as whether it can be compensated in cases of negative effects on them.

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