The villafranchian mammal fauna of Aghia Kyriaki, Aetoloakarnania, Greece : taxonomy and taphonomy = Η βιλλαφραγκια πανιδα θηλαστικν της Αγίας Κυριακής, Αιτωλοακαρνανία, Ελλάδα: ταξινόμηση και ταφονομία.

Elpiniki-Maria Athanasios Parparousi

The villafranchian mammal fauna of Aghia Kyriaki, Aetoloakarnania, Greece : taxonomy and taphonomy = Η βιλλαφραγκια πανιδα θηλαστικν της Αγίας Κυριακής, Αιτωλοακαρνανία, Ελλάδα: ταξινόμηση και ταφονομία.

Elpiniki-Maria Athanasios Parparousi

Περίληψη

The aim of the present master thesis is the paleontological study of the material recovered from the fossiliferous site of Aghia Kyriaki (Western Greece). This karstic site is located near the homonymous settlement, in the municipality of Nafpaktia (Aetoloakarnania, Greece). Despite the scanty preservation status of the fossils, their systematic study allowed the identification of a plethora of different mammal taxa, including Ursidae (Ursus etruscus), Canidae (Canidae indet, cf. Canis (Xenocyon) sp.), Mustelidae, Bovidae (Bovidae indet., cf. Gazellospira torticornis; Rupicaprini indet. cf. Procamptoceras brivatense; Hemitragus sp.), Cervidae (Cervidae indet., Metacervocerus sp.; Croizetoceros ramosus), Arvicolidae and Chiroptera. The taphonomic analysis suggests that the accumulation of bones was due to a gradual filling of the cave as justified by the different weathering stages of the fossils. The palaeoenvironmental conditions of the site were characterized by the presence of open landscapes with patches of open forests, as indicated by the occurrence of the deer Croizetoceros and Metacervocerus paired with the bovid cf. Gazellospira torticornis, as well as the presence of mountainous and rocky areas, as indicated by the presence of the bovids Hemitragus sp. and cf. Procamptoceras brivatense. On the basis of biochronological data, the fossilfauna of Aghia Kyriaki is indirectly dated to 2.5-1.8 Ma., corresponding to a middle to early late Villafranchian age. In this site, the first occurrence of Hemitragus sp. in Greece, as well as the southernmost presence of Ursus etruscus in mainland Greece are recorded.

Σκοπός της παρούσης μεταπτυχιακής διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η παλαιοντολογική μελέτη του ανακτηθέντος υλικού από την απολιθωματοφόρο θέση της Αγίας Κυριακής (Δυτική Ελλάδα). Η καρστική θέση βρίσκεται πλησίον του ομώνυμου οικισμού, στον Δήμο Ναυπακτίας (Αιτωλοακαρνανία, Ελλάδα). Παρά την κακή κατάσταση διατήρησης των απολιθωμάτων, η συστηματική τους μελέτη επέτρεψε την αναγνώριση μιας πληθώρας διαφορετικών τάξων θηλαστικών, συμπεριλαμβανομένων Αρκτιδών (Ursus etruscus), Κυνίδων (Canidae indet.; Canis (Xenocyon) sp.), Ικτιδίδων, Βοοειδών (Bovidae indet.; cf. Gazellospira torticornis; Rupicaprini indet. cf. Procamptoceras brivatense; Hemitragus sp.), Ελαφίδων (Cervidae indet.; Metacervocerus sp.; Croizetoceros ramosus), Arvicolidae και Χειρόπτερων. Η ταφονομική ανάλυση προτείνει ότι η συσσώρευση των οστών οφείλεται σε σταδιακή πλήρωση του σπηλαίου όπως μαρτυρούν τα διαφορετικά στάδια διάβρωσης των απολιθωμάτων λόγω φθοράς. Οι παλαιοπεριβαλλοντικές συνθήκες της θέσης χαρακτηρίζονταν από την παρουσία ενός ανοικτού τοπίου με τμήματα ανοικτών δασών, όπως φαίνεται από την εμφάνιση των ελαφίδων Croizetoceros ramosus και Metacervocerus σε συνδυασμό με το βοοειδές cf. Gazellospira torticornis, καθώς επίσης και την παρουσία ορεινών και βραχωδών περιοχών, όπως φαίνεται από την παρουσία των βοοειδών Hemitragus και cf. Procamptoceras brivatense. Με βάση βιοχρονολογικά δεδομένα, η απολιθωμένη πανίδα της Αγίας Κυριακής χρονολογείται μεταξύ 2,5-1,8 εκ. χρόνια, που αντιστοιχεί στο μέσο έως πρώιμο ύστερο Βιλλαφράγκιο. Στην θέση σημειώνεται η πρώτη εμφάνιση του Hemitragus sp. στην Ελλάδα, καθώς και η νοτιότερη παρουσία του Ursus etruscus στην ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα.

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