Ground motion simulation are based on the knowledge of the following three factors: seismic source, wave attenuation and Site Amplification Factor (SAF) due to the local surface geological conditions. In this study a parametric GIT algorithm, was developed, by introducing distance and regional dependent attenuation parameters, regarding the geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation terms, respectively. This step aims at a more detailed investigation of the attenuation path, anticipating to improve estimation of all three fundamental factors controlling seismic ground motion. The algorithm is based on a Gauss-Newton iterative inversion method, using initial realistic model parameters. A synthetic dataset, approximating a simplified real dataset, was inverted by the proposed GIT algorithm verifying its computational validity. The effectiveness of the algorithm is also supported by the ~9% misfit reduction achieved by a GIT application of the new algorithm on a real dataset, with respect to the application by a previously developed GIT algorithm investigating a uniform attenuation model. The GIT algorithm developed in this study was also applied to a real dataset of S-wave records corresponding to western Greece earthquakes. Regional variation of Qs was found around a mean value of 45, while a distance dependent geometrical spreading attenuation factor gamma, γ, was found to be smoothly decreased from 12 km to 200 km (from 0.98 to 0.77). The SAF for both horizontal and vertical components in 24 sites located in the study area were also determined. Moment Magnitudes, Mw and corner frequencies, fc, were computed for the 180 earthquakes, indicating an increasing trend of stress drop, Δσ from 6 to 55 bars for the Mw range between 2.5 to 5.2, respectively. Moreover, in this study a SAF estimation technique at a target site in relation to a distant reference site is also presented and evaluated, through a new developed algorithm. This algorithm is based on the retrieval of the minimum phase Source Time Function (mpSTF) at a pair of examined sites (target-reference), based on the Spectral Factorization analysis of Coda waves (SFC) proposed by Sèbe et al., (2005, 2018). The so-derived mpSTF is considered as a convolution of the actual source function with the SAF of the site, so that the FAS ratio between the mpSTF, derived at one site (target) and at a distant reference site, should be an estimate of the target SAF. Under the conditions of a common STF at the examined sites and of similar coda waves excitation factor, the ratio of the FAS of the mpSTFs (target over reference site) can safely approach the actual SAF, at least when target-reference distance is up to ~60 km and provides satisfactory results at longer distances. This technique was applied to the 24 sites in western Greece, and to 18 in southeastern France, in relation to 4 and 3 reference sites, respectively, located at varying distances from the target ones (from 0.4 km to 110 km).

Η προσομοίωση της εδαφικής κίνησης βασίζεται στη γνώση των ακόλουθων παραμέτρων: σεισμική πηγή, απόσβεση των κυμάτων και παράγοντας τοπικής εδαφικής ενίσχυσης (SAF) της θέσης μελέτης εξαιτίας των τοπικών επιφανειακών γεωλογικών συνθηκών. Στη μελέτη αυτή αναπτύχθηκε ένας παραμετρικός αντιστροφής GIT, εισάγοντας παραμέτρους απόσβεσης εξαρτώμενες από την απόσταση και την εξεταζόμενη περιοχή, που αφορούν αντίστοιχα στη γεωμετρική εξάπλωση και στην ανελαστική απόσβεση των σεισμικών κυμάτων. Αυτό το βήμα στοχεύει σε μία πιο λεπτομερή διερεύνηση των ιδιοτήτων της απόσβεσης του δρόμου διάδοσης, προσδοκώντας στη βελτίωση εκτίμησης των τριών παραγόντων που διαμορφώνουν τη σεισμική κίνηση. Ο αλγόριθμος είναι βασισμένος στη μέθοδο της επαναληπτικής αντιστροφής Gauss-Newton, χρησιμοποιώντας αρχικές τιμές για τις παραμέτρους που εξετάζονται. Η αποτελεσματικότητα του αλγορίθμου υποστηρίζεται από τη μείωση ~9% της συνάρτησης διαφοράς μεταξύ των πραγματικών και υπολογισμένων δεδομένων που προέκυψε από την εφαρμογή του νέου αλγορίθμου σε πραγματικά δεδομένα, σε σχέση με την εφαρμογή ενός προηγούμενου αλγορίθμου αντιστροφής για ένα μέσο μοντέλο απόσβεσης. Ακόμη, ο αλγόριθμος της αντιστροφής εφαρμόστηκε σε ένα δείγμα πραγματικών δεδομένων από σεισμικές καταγραφές S-κυμάτων στη Δυτική Ελλάδα. Χωρικές μεταβολές του παράγοντα ποιότητας, Qs υπολογίστηκαν με μέση τιμή 45, ενώ ο εξαρτώμενος από την απόσταση παράγοντας της γεωμετρικής εξάπλωσης, γ, βρέθηκε να μειώνεται σταδιακά από τα 12 km στα 200 km (από 0.98 μέχρι 0.77). Επιπλέον υπολογίστηκαν οι παράγοντες ενίσχυσης SAF των οριζόντιων και των κατακόρυφων συνιστωσών σε 24 θέσεις σταθμών επιταχυνσιογράφων στην περιοχή μελέτης, καθώς και τα μεγέθη σεισμικής ροπής, Mw και οι γωνιακές συχνότητες, fc των 180 εξεταζόμενων σεισμών, υποδεικνύοντας μία αύξηση της πτώσης τάσης, Δσ, από 6 bar σε 55 bars για εύρος μεγεθών Mw 2.5 - 5.2. Ακόμη, σε αυτή τη μελέτη παρουσιάζεται και αξιολογείται μία τεχνική εκτίμησης του παράγοντα SAF σε μία θέση μελέτης, σε σχέση με έναν απομακρυσμένο σταθμό αναφοράς, μέσω της ανάπτυξης ενός νέου αλγορίθμου, ο οποίος βασίζεται στον υπολογισμό της ελάχιστης φάσης της Χρονικής Συνάρτησης της Σεισμικής πηγής (mpSTF), σε δύο θέσεις (μελέτης και αναφοράς), χρησιμοποιώντας τη μέθοδο φασματικής παραγοντοποίησης των κυμάτων ουράς μίας σεισμικής καταγραφής (SFC), η οποία προτάθηκε από τους Sèbe et al., (2005, 2018). Η υπολογισμένη mpSTF θεωρείται ως η συνέλιξη μεταξύ της STF του σεισμού και του SAF στη θέση μελέτης, και κατά συνέπεια ο λόγος μεταξύ των mpSTFs που υπολογίζονται σε μία θέση μελέτης και σε έναν απομακρυσμένο σταθμό αναφοράς θα πρέπει να οδηγεί στην εκτίμηση του SAF στη θέση μελέτης. Υπό την προϋπόθεση της κοινής STF μεταξύ των εξεταζόμενων θέσεων, αλλά και του κοινού παράγοντα διασποράς των κυμάτων ουράς, ο λόγος μεταξύ των FAS των mpSTFs στις θέσεις μελέτης και αναφοράς, μπορεί να προσεγγίσει ικανοποιητικά τoν παράγοντα SAF, τουλάχιστον όταν η απόσταση μεταξύ των δύο σταθμών είναι ~60 km, ενώ παρέχει ικανοποιητικά αποτελέσματα για μεγαλύτερες αποστάσεις. Η τεχνική αυτή εφαρμόστηκε σε 24 θέσεις σταθμών στη Δυτική Ελλάδα, οι οποίοι χρησιμοποιήθηκαν και στην εφαρμογή του νέου αλγορίθμου GIT, καθώς και σε 18 θέσεις σταθμών στη Νοτιοανατολική Γαλλία, σε σχέση με 4 και 3 σταθμούς αναφοράς αντίστοιχα, οι οποίοι βρίσκονται σε αποστάσεις από τις θέσεις μελέτης, που κυμαίνονται από 0.4 km μέχρι 110 km.

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