Εξώφυλλο

Γεωτεκτονική εξέλιξη και ενεργός τεκτονική της Καλιφόρνια (ΗΠΑ) = Geotectonic evolution and active tectonics of California (USA).

Μαρία Ιωάννης Γρυλιωνάκη

Περίληψη


Η εργασία έχει σκοπό την περιγραφή βασικών γεωλογικών δομών που συνθέτουν το ενεργό γεωτεκτονικό περιβάλλον της Καλιφόρνια. Η Καλιφόρνια, όπως και ολόκληρο το δυτικό περιθώριο της Β. Αμερικής ανήκει στον Περιειρηνικό δακτύλιο και χαρακτηρίζεται από έντονη σεισμικότητα και παραμόρφωση. Στον Μεσοζωικό αποτελούσε περιβάλλον υποβύθισης της ωκεάνιας πλάκας Farallon κάτω από την ηπειρωτική πλάκα της Β. Αμερικής, αποτέλεσμα της οποίας ήταν ο σχηματισμός του ηφαιστειακού τόξου της Sierra Nevada, των Παράκτιων οροσειρών, της εμπροσθοτόξιας λεκάνης της Κεντρικής Καλιφόρνια και της οπισθοτόξια λεκάνης στην επαρχία Basin & Range. Από το Ολιγόκαινο και μετά με την ολοκλήρωση της υποβύθισης της Farallon στην περιοχή της Καλιφόρνια και την επαφή του δυτικού περιθωρίου της με την πλάκα του Ειρηνικού, σχηματίζεται η ρηξιγενής ζώνης του Αγίου Αντρέα σε ένα νέο γεωτεκτονικό περιβάλλον μετασχηματισμού. Ταυτόχρονα λαμβάνει χώρα και η διάνοιξη του Κόλπου της Καλιφόρνια εξαιτίας των πλαγιοεφελκυστικών τάσεων. Μέχρι και σήμερα το ρήγμα του Αγίου Αντρέα θεωρείται ένα από τα πιο επικίνδυνα ρήγματα με τους επιστήμονες να προειδοποιούν ότι εισέρχεται σε περίοδο σεισμικής έξαρσης.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the basic geologic structures that form the active geotectonic environment of California. California, as well as the entire western margin of the North American plate, is part of Circum-Pacific belt and is characterized by intense seismicity and deformation. During Mesozoic period California was a subduction zone of the oceanic plate Farallon beneath the continental plate of North America, which resulted in the formation of the Sierra Nevada volcanic arc, the Coastal Ranges, the fore-arc basin of Central Valley of California and the back-arc basin of Basin & Range province. After Oligocene with the completion of Farallon’s subduction in the California region and the contact of its western margin with the Pacific Plate, the San Andreas fault zone was formed in a new geotectonic environment of transformation. At the same time, the opening of Gulf of California is occurring due to transtensional stresses. To this day San Andreas fault is considered one of the most dangerous faults with scientists warning that is entering a period of intense seismic activity.

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Αναφορές


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