Εξώφυλλο

Εξέλιξη του δυτικού και βόρειου περιθωρίου της λεκάνης της Λεβαντινής σε σχέση με την ύπαρξη πετρελαϊκών συστημάτων = Evolution of the existence of petroleum systems in Western and Northern margin of the Levantine basin.

Πέρσια Θράσος Θρασσβούλου

Περίληψη


Η Λεκάνη του Λεβάντε είναι μια βαθιά και μακρόχρονη γεωλογική δομή που βρίσκεται στην ανατολική Μεσόγειο Θάλασσα. Το νότιο τμήμα της λεκάνης φιλοξενεί μια επαρχία υδρογονανθράκων παγκόσμιας κλάσης στα ανοιχτά του Δέλτα του Νείλου. Πρόσφατες ανακαλύψεις βιογενούς αερίου και διάφορες εκθέσεις πετρελαίου δείχνουν ότι το κεντρικό τμήμα της λεκάνης, το υπεράκτιο Ισραήλ έχει σημαντικό δυναμικό υδρογονανθράκων. Έχουν διεξαχθεί αρκετές έρευνες που συνδέουν γεωφυσικά δεδομένα με περιφερειακά και τοπικά γεωλογικά δεδομένα με σκοπό την ανακατασκευή της ιστορίας της λεκάνης και τον εντοπισμό ευνοϊκών ταμιευτήρων υδρογονανθράκων. Η ανακατασκευασμένη ιστορία της λεκάνης δείχνει ότι η Λεκάνη του Λεβάντε διαμορφώθηκε σε πολλά κύρια τεκτονικά στάδια. Αρχικά, η δημιουργία του ρήγματος κατά το πρώιμο Μεσοζωικό,  πρροκάλεσε καθίζηση κατά το Ύστερο Κρητιδικό και τον σχηματισμό μιας βαθιάς θαλάσσιας λεκάνης. Η σύγκλιση που πραγματοποιήθηκε αργότερα κατά το Τριτογενές προκάλεσε ανύψωση, ευρεία διάβρωση, κλίση και μεταφορά ιζημάτων προς τη λεκάνη. Υπό την τεκτονική δρστηριότητα της περιοχής και των τριγύρω λεκανών, σχηματίστηκε μια ποικιλία δυνητικών, δομικών και στρωματογραφικών παγίδων υδρογονανθράκων στη Λεκάνη του Λεβάντε, κυρίως κατά τα τρία κύρια τεκτονικά στάδια Τριασικού-Κάτω Ιουρασικού, Μέσος Ιουρασικού, και  Κατώτερου Κρητιδικού.
Έχουν πραγματοποιηθεί αρκετές ερευνητικές γεωτρήσεις από διάφορες εταιρείες στη Λεκάνη του Λεβάντε, επικεντρωμένες κυρίως στο Νότι και Ανατολικό περιθώριο της λεκάνης. Η παρούσα εργασία, επικεντρώνεται στην τεκτονική εξέλιξη του Βόρειου και Δυτικού περιθωρίου της Λεκάνης του Λεβάντε, παρουσιάζοντας, σε συνδυασμό με άλλες έρευνες, μια πιο γενική εικόνα της περιοχής για την ανακάλυψη πιθανόν ταμιευτήρων πετρελαίου και φυσικού αερίου.

The Levant Basin is a deep and long-standing geological structure located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The southern part of the basin hosts a world-class hydrocarbon province off the Nile Delta. Recent discoveries of biogenic gas and various oil shows indicate that the central part of the basin, offshore Israel has significant hydrocarbon potential. Several investigations have been carried out linking geophysical data with regional and local geological data in order to reconstruct the history of the basin and identify favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs. The reconstructed history of the basin shows that the Levant Basin was formed in several main tectonic stages. Initially, the creation of the rift during the early Mesozoic, caused subsidence during the Late Cretaceous and the formation of a deep marine basin. Convergence that took place later in the Tertiary caused uplift, widespread erosion, tilting, and sediment transport into the basin. Under the tectonic activity of the region and the surrounding basins, a variety of potential, structural and stratigraphic hydrocarbon traps were formed in the Levant Basin, mainly during the three main tectonic stages Triassic-Lower Jurassic, Middle Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous.
Several exploration wells have been carried out by various companies in the Levant Basin, mainly focused on the South and East margin of the basin. The present work focuses on the tectonic evolution of the Northern and Western margin of the Levant Basin, presenting, in combination with other investigations, a more general picture of the area for the discovery of possible oil and natural gas reservoirs.

Πλήρες Κείμενο:

PDF

Αναφορές


Aal A. A., El Barkooky A., Gerrits M., Meyer H. J., Schwander M., Zaki H. (2001). Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin and its Significance for the Hydrocarbon Prospectivity of the Nile Delta Deepwater Area. GeoArabia, vol. 6, no. 3 , 363-383.

Arfai J., Lutz R., Franke D., Gaedicke C., Kley J. (2016). Mass-transport deposits and reservoir quality of Upper Cretaceous Chalk within the German Central Graben, North Sea. International Journal of Earth Science, 105 , 797–818.

Ben-Avraham Z., Ginzburg A. , Makris J., Eppelbaum L. (2002). Crustal structure of the Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean. Tectonophysics, 346 , 23-43.

Biju-Duval B., Letouzey J., Montadert L. (1978). Structure and evolution of the Mediterranean basins. France: Institut Français du Petrole.

Bowman S. (2011). Regional seismic interpretation of the hydrocarbon prospecticty of offshore Syria. GeoArabia, 16, 95-124.

Brew G., Barazangi M., Al-Maleh A. K., Sawaf T. (2001). Tectonic and geologic evolution of Syria. GeoArabia, 6, 573-616.

Chaumillon E. , Mascle J., Hoffmann H.J. (1996). Deformation of the western Mediterranean Ridge: Importance of Messinian evaporitic formations. Tectonophysics, vol 263, no 1-4 , 163-190.

Cleintaur M. R., Knox J. G., Ealey P. J (2016). The geology of Cyprus and its place in the eastern Mediterranean framework. Geologie en Minjbouw, vol 56, no 1 , 66-82.

Deloitte. (2018). Oil & Gas in Cyprus, Where potential lies. Larnaca https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cy/Documents/energy-resources/oil-and-gas/CY_EnergyAndResources_OilAndGas_Noexp.pdf

Druckman Y., Gill D., Fleischer L., Gelbermann E., Wolff O. (1995). Subsurface Geology and Structural Evolution of the Northwestern Negev, Southern Israel. Israel Journal of Earth Science, Vol. 44 , 115-135.

Eaton S. & Robertson A. H. F. (1993). The Miocene Pakhna Formation, southern Cyprus and its relationship to the Neogene tectonic evolution of the

Eastern Mediterranean, Sediment. Geology, 86 , 273–296.

Elia C., Konstantopoulos P., Maravelis A., Zelilidis A. (2013). The tectono-stratigraphic evolution of Eastern Mediterranean with emphasis on Herodotus Basin prospectivity for the development of hydrocarbon fields. Exploration and Exploitation of Mineral Resources, vol 47, no 4 , https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/geosociety/article/view/11006.

Feld C., Weber M., Mechie J. (2014). Institutional Repository of the University of Potsdam , https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/7347/file/feld_diss.pdf.

Feng Y. E., Yankelzon A., Steinberg J., Reshef M. (2016). Lithology and characteristics of the Messinian evaporite sequence of the deep Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean. Marine Geology, 376, 118-131.

Follows E. (1992). Patterns of reef sedimentation and diagenesis in the Miocene of Cyprus. Sediment. Geol., 79 , 225–253 https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(92)90013-H.

Frizon de Lamotte D., Raulin C., Mouchot N., Wrobel-Daveau J. C., Blanpied C., Ringenbach J. (2011). The southernmost margin of the Tethys realm during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic: initial geometry and timing of the inversion processes. Tectonics, 30 , 1-22.

Gardosh M. A. & Druckman Y. (2014). Seismic stratigraphy, structure and tectonic evolution of the Levantine Basin, offshore Israel . The Geophysical Institute of Israel, POB 182 , 201-227.

Gardosh M., Garfunkel Z., Druckman Y., Buchbinder B. (2010). Tethyan rifting in the Levant region and its role in early Mesozoic crustal evolution.

Geological Society, London, Special Publications, vol 341 , 9-36.

Gardosh M. A., Druckman Y., Buchbinder B., Rybakov M. (2006). The Levant Basin Offshore Israel: Stratigraphy Structure, Tectonic Evolution and Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration. Israel : Prepared for the Petroleum Commissioner, Ministry of Infrastructure .

Garfunkel Z. (1998). Constraints on the origin and history of the eastern Mediterranean basin. Tectonophysics, 298 , 5-35.

Gorini C., Hawie N., Deschamps R., Nader F.H., Montadert L., Granjeon D., Baudin F. (2013). Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northern Levant Basin (offshore Lebanon) . Mar. Pet. Geol., 48 , 392–409 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.08.004.

Granot R. (2016). Palaeozoic oceanic crust preserved beneath the Eastern Mediterranean. Nature Geoscience, vol 9 , 701-706.

Hall J., Calon T.J., Aksu A.E. Meade S.R. (2005). Structural evolution of the Latakia Ridge and Cyprus basin at the front of the Cyprus Arc, Eastern Mediterranean sea. Mar. Geology, 221 , 261-297.

Hawie N., C. Gorini, R. Deschamps, F. H. Nader, L. Montadert, D. Granjeon, F. Baudin (2013). Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northern Levant Basin (offshore Lebanon). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 48, 392-410.

Hawie N. (2014). Architecture, geodynamic evolution and sedimentary filling of the levant basin : a 3D quantitative approach based on seismic data. Architecture, Geodynamic Evolution & Sedimentary Filling of the Levant Basin , https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990235.

Kähler G. & Stow D. A. (1998). Turbidites and contourites of the Palaeogene Lefkara Formation, southern Cyprus. Sediment. Geol., 115 , 215–231.

Kinnaird T. (2008). Tectonic and sedimentary response to oblique and incipient continental – continental collision the easternmost Mediterranean (Cyprus). University of Edinburgh , https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/3486.

Klimke J. & Ehrhardt A. (2014). Impact and implications of the Afro-Eurasian collision south of Cyprus from reflection seismic data. Tectonophysics, 626, 105-119.

Lapierre H., Bosch D., Narros A., Mascle G.H., Tardy M., Demant A. (2007). The Mamonia Complex (SW Cyprus) revisited: Remnant of Late Triassic intra-oceanic volcanism along the Tethyan southwestern passive margin. Geol. Magazine, 144 , 1-19.

Le Pichon X. & Gaulier J. M. (1988). The rotation of Arabia and the Levant fault system. Tectonophysics, vol 153, νο 1-4 , 271-294.

Le Pichon X. & İmren C. (2019). A new approach to the opening of the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the origin of the Hellenic Subduction Zone. Part 1: The eastern Mediterranean Sea. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0128.

Loncke L., Gaullier V., Mascle J., Vendeville B., Camera C. (2006). The Nile deep-sea fan: anexample of interacting sedimentation, salt tectonics, and inherited sub-salt paleo topographic features. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 23, 297-315.

Montadert L., Nicolaides S., Semb P. H., Lie O. (2014). Petroleum Systems Offshore Cyprus. Cyprus Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism. AAPG Special Volumes , 301-334.

Nader F. H., Papadimitriou N., Gorini C., Deschamps R., Symeou V., Lecomte J. C. (2018). Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the western margin of the Levant Basin (offshore Cyprus). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 91, 683-705 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817218300503?via%3Dihub.

Papadimitriou N., Deschamps R., Symeou V., Souque Ch., Gorini C., Nader F. H., Blanpied C. (2018). The tectonostratigraphic evolution of Cenozoic basins of the Northern Tethys: The Northern margin of the Levant Basin. Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles 73, 77 , https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018085.

Parlak O., Robertson A.H.F., Ustaomer T. (2012). Overview of the Palaeozoic-Neogene evolution of Neotethys in the Eastern Mediterranean region (southern Turkey, Cyprus, Syria). Pet. Geoscience, 18 , 381–404 https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2011-091.

Payne A. S. & Robertson A. H. F. (2000). Structural evolution and regional significance of the Polis graben system western Cyprus. Third International Conference on the Geology of the Eastern Mediterranean , 45–59.

Pérouse E., Chamot-Rooke N., Rabaute A., Briole P., Jouanne F., Georgiev I., and Dimitrov D. (2012). Bridging onshore and offshore present-day kinematics of central and eastern Mediterranean: Implications for crustal dynamics and mantle flow. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol 13 .

Reeder M. S., Rothwell R. G., VStow D. A. (2000). Influence of sea level and basin physiography on emplacement of the late Pleistocene Herodotus Basin

Megaturbidite, SE Mediterranean Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol 17, no 2 , 199-218.

Reiche S., Hübscher C., Ehrhardt A. (2016). The impact of salt on the late Messinian to recent tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Cyprus subduction zone. Basin Res., 28 , 569–597 https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12122.

Robertson A. H. F. & Dixon J. E. (1984). Introduction: aspects of the geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17 , 1-74 https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1984.017.01.02.

Robertson A. H. F. & Mountrakis D.(2006). Tectonic development of the Eastern Mediterranean region: an introduction . Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 260 , 1-9.

Robertson A.H.F., Kidd R.B., Ivanov M.K., Limonov A.F., Woodside J.M., Galindo-Zalivar J., Nieto L. (1995). Eratosthenes Seamount: collisional processes in the easternmost Mediterranean in relation to the Plio–Quaternary uplift of southern Cyprus. Terra Nova 7 , 254-264.

Robertson A. H. F. (1998). Tectonic significance of the Eratosthenes Seamount: a continental fragment in the process of collision with a subduction zone in the eastern Mediterranean (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 160). Tectonophysics, vol 298, no 1-3 , 63-82.

Robertson A. H. F. (1998). Tectonic significance of the eratosthenes seamount: a continental fragment in the process of collision with a subduction zone in the eastern mediterranean (ocean drilling program leg 160). Tectonophysics, vol 298 , 63-82.

Sagy Y., Gvirtzman Z., Reshef M. (2018). 80 m.y. of folding migration: new perspective on the Syrian Arc from Levant basin analysis. Geology, 46 , https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/46/2/175/525528/80-m-y-of-folding-migration-New-perspective-on-the?redirectedFrom=fulltext.

Schattner U. & Ben-Avraham Z. (2007). Transform margin of the northern Levant, eastern Mediterranean: from formation to reactivation. Tectonics, vol 26, no 5 , 10.1029/2007TC002112.

Schattner U. & Lazar M. (2014). Flip convergence across the Phoenician basin through nucleation of subduction. Gondwana Res., vol 25, no 2 , 729-735.

Segev A. & Eshet Y. (2003). Significance of Rb/Sr age of early Permian volcanics, Helez deep 1A borehole, Central Israel. Afr. Geosc. Rev., vol 10, no 4 , 333-345.

Speranza F., Minelli L., Pagnatelli A., Chiappini M. (2012). The Ionian Sea: The oldest in situ ocean fragment of the world? Journal of Geophysical Research, vol 117 .

Stampfli G. M. & Borel G. D. (2002). A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol 196 , 17-33.

Symeou V., Homberg C., Nader F., Darnault R., Lecomte J.C., Papadimitriou N. (2017). Longitudinal and temporal evolution of the tectonic style along the Cyprus Arc system, assessed through 2-D reflection seismic interpretation: Tectonic style of the Cyprus Arc system. Tectonics, 37 , 30–47 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004667.

Tassy A., Grouzy E., Gorini C., Rubino J. L., Bouroullec J., Sapin F. (2015). Egyptian tethyan margin in the Mesozoic: evolution of a mixed carbonate siliciclastic shelf edge (from the western desert to Sinai). Mar. Petrol. Geol., 68 , 565-581.

Tingay M., Bentham P., De Feyter A., Kellner A. (2012). Evidence for non-Andersonian faulting above evaporites in the Nile Delta. Geological Society, vol 367 , 155-170 doi: 10.1144/SP367.11.

Ustaomer T., Robertson A.H.F., Parlak O. (2012). Overview of the Palaeozoic-Neogene evolution of Neotethys in the Eastern Mediterranean region (southern Turkey, Cyprus, Syria). Pet. Geoscience, 18 , 381–404.

Vidala N., Alvarez-Marrón J., Klaeschen D. (2000). Internal configuration of the Levantine Basin from seismic reflection data (eastern Mediterranean). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol 180, no 1-2 , 77-89.

Wikimedia, (2013, 11 16). File:Levant Basin.png. Ανάκτηση 8 2, 2022, από Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALevant_Basin.png

Xiaobing L., Guangya Z., Zhixin W., Zhaoming W., Chengpeng S., Zhiping L., Zhengjun H. (2017). Structural characteristics and petroleum exploration of Levant Basin in Eastern Mediterranean . Petroleum Exploration and Development, 44, 573–581.

Zhou D. (2014). Marginal Seas. Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences , 5-10.

Ziegler P. (1990). Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe. The Hague , 239.

Zverev S. M. & Ilinsky D. A. (2005). The deep structure of eratosthenes seamount : Geological Framework of the Levant, vol 3. Historical Productions-Hall, vol 2 , 73-112.

ΥΓΑΑΠ, Υπουργείο Γεωργίας Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης και Περιβάλλοντος (2016). Η Γεωλογία της Κύπρου. Τμήμα Γεωλογικής Επισκόπησης , http://www.moa.gov.cy/moa/gsd/gsd.nsf/All/1C604EE1D4C5580FC225839400340049/$file/%CE%97%20%CE%93%CE%95%CE%A9%CE%9B%CE%9F%CE%93%CE%99%CE%91%20%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A3%20%CE%9A%CE%A5%CE%A0%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%A5%20%20WEB.pdf?OpenElement.


Εισερχόμενη Αναφορά

  • Δεν υπάρχουν προς το παρόν εισερχόμενες αναφορές.