Εξώφυλλο

Η πορεία μετανάστευσης του βενθονικού τρηματοφορου Amphistegina Lobifera Larsen στη Μεσόγειο θάλλασα μετά τη διάνοιξη της διώρυγας του Σουέζ = The migration path of the benthic foraminifera Amphistegina Lobifera Larsen in the Mediterranean sea after the opening of the Suez canal.

Κωνσταντίνος Αβραάμ Αρσένογλου

Περίληψη


Το είδος Amphistegina lobifera Larsen είναι το πιο άφθονο ολιγοτροφικό, μεγάλο βενθονικό τρηματοφόρο, που φέρει συμβιωτικά διάτομα, στη Μεσόγειο Θάλασσα. Η ταχεία εξάπλωση του τα τελευταία χρόνια οφείλεται στην κλιματική αλλαγή, καθώς εξαρτάται άμεσα από την αύξηση της θερμοκρασίας των επιφανειακών υδάτων της Μεσογείου (SST). Η συνεχιζόμενη αύξηση της θερμοκρασίας αναμένεται να διευρύνει την εξάπλωση αυτού του είδους προς τα βορειοδυτικά, σε περιοχές στις οποίες δεν έχει αναφερθεί μέχρι στιγμής. Σύμφωνα με κάποιες απόψεις η γρήγορη διασπορά αυτού του είδους και η ικανότητα του να πολλαπλασιάζεται εύκολα έχει προκαλέσει μείωση της αφθονίας και της ποικιλότητας των ειδών σε αρκετές παράκτιες περιοχές της Μεσογείου, καθιστώντας το στην λίστα με τα 100 πλέον ‘’χωροκατακτητικά’’ είδη, που έχουν εισβάλλει στη Μεσόγειο και έχουν αλλάξει το θαλάσσιο οικοσύστημα. Έχει αποδειχθεί πως το είδος A. lobifera βρισκόταν στη Μεσόγειο ήδη πολύ νωρίτερα από το άνοιγμα της διώρυγας του Σουέζ και μπορεί να βρισκόταν στην Μεσόγειο ήδη από το Πλειστόκαινο. Το είδος Amphistegina lobifera έχει καταγραφεί στο Δέλτα του Νείλου, στη λεκάνη της Λεβαντίνης (Αίγυπτο, Γάζα, Ισραήλ, Λίβανο, Συρία και Κύπρο), σε παράκτιες περιοχές του Αιγαίου Πελάγους (Τουρκία, Ελλάδα), κατά μήκος των ακτών της βόρειας Αφρικής (Αίγυπτο, Λιβύη και Τυνησία), στη Μάλτα, τη Λευκάδα, την Ιθάκη, τα Πελάγια Νησιά και το Κανάλι της Σικελίας.

Amphistegina lobifera Larsen is the most abundant oligotrophic larger foraminifer bearing symbiotic diatoms in the Mediterranean Sea. The rapid spread in recent years is due to climate change, as it is directly dependent on the increase in the Mediterranean surface temperature (SST). Continued warming is expected to shift the spread of this species to the northwest, into previously unreported areas. Several studies have concluded that the rapid spread of these species and the ability to multiply easily has caused a decline in species richness and diversity in several coastal areas of the Mediterranean, placing it on the list of the 100 worst “invasive” species. It has been shown that A. lobifera was present in the Mediterranean long before the opening of the Suez Canal and may have originated from ancient introductions that occurred during the Pleistocene through a different natural waterway. Amphistegina lobifera Larsen has been recorded in the Nile of Delta, in the Levantine basin (Egypt, Gaza, Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Cyprus), in coastal areas of the Aegean Sea (Turkey, Greece), along the coasts of northern Africa (Egypt, Libya and Tunisia), in Malta, Corfu, the Pelagian Islands and the Sicily Channel.

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