The Greek part of Thrace basin is an ideal field of research of Paleogene carbonate platform deposits, as many sites with the dominant fauna of Large Benthic Foraminifera (LBF) have been recorded. The scope of the present thesis is to study in detail the composition and distribution of both LBF and smaller benthic foraminifera from 7 sites, aiming to create a paleoenvironmental model for the region. For this purpose, the research focused on the following aspects: 1) Study of LBF in order to provide a revised and integrated systematic description. One of the best sites in terms of preservation, biodiversity and sediment type is located along the coastline of Fanari village (SW of Komotini city). Two outcrops, consisting of shallow marine sediments of the upper Eocene, were sampled to analyze the full spectrum of LBF content, which includes a rich and diverse assemblage of orthophragmines, nummulitids and other benthic foraminifera. Based on the detailed systematic description, the sedimentary sequence was dated to the Shallow Benthic Zone (SBZ) 20 corresponding to upper Priabonian. For the first time in Greece, 24 species were identified and analyzed morphometrically, including 6 species at the chrono-subspecies level belonging to 12 genera. The composition of foraminifera assemblage is characterized by the constant presence of Nummulites fabianii almost throughout the sequence. The most abundant species are Pellatispira madaraszi and Spiroclypeus carpaticus although they occur in the upper part of the sequence, together with orthophragmines. The distribution of foraminifera in the sequence allowed paleoenvironmental observations and the reconstruction of the Fanari area. Three main categories of deposits were distinguished that functioned in the shallow upper anterior part of the carbonate platform, making the Fanari section a key area not only of the upper Priabonian but also of the biofacies of the outer shelf. 2) Detailed microfacies analysis of carbonate deposits. The paleoenvironmental evolution of the middle-upper Eocene deposits were investigated from several outcrops along the mainland (Kirki, Avantas, Maronia, Pylaea, Didymoticho) and on Samothraki and Lemnos Islands. All samples collected were examined in thin sections. The paleontological and sedimentological data distinguished 16 types of microfacies representing internal to external platform environments. Their analysis suggests the development of a marginal carbonate platform with isolated reefs, characterized by limited to open water circulation and high biodiversity. Due to the simultaneous tectonic activity, topographic ridges are created where these 'ancient' reefs develop. 3) The study of small benthic foraminifera was carried out to provide a revised and comprehensive systematic description. In addition, species found for the first time from the area were recorded. Their biodiversity and distribution pattern was investigated to extend the paleoenvironmental analysis by combining morphological characteristics with the life strategy of both LBF and SBF. In total 106 species were identified; 46 belong to LBF. Based on the above, the carbonate platform of the Greek part of the Thrace basin has already been classified as one of the most species-rich sites of the Tethyan Ocean and as a biodiversity hotspot for the upper Priabonian.

Το ελληνικό τμήμα της λεκάνης της Θράκης αποτελεί ένα ιδανικό πεδίο έρευνας των Παλαιογενών αποθέσεων ανθρακικής πλατφόρμας, καθώς έχουν καταγραφεί πολλές θέσεις με την επικρατούσα σε αυτές πανίδα μεγάλων βενθονικών τρηματοφόρων (Large Benthic Foraminifera, LBF). Σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η λεπτομερής μελέτη της σύνθεσης και κατανομής των LBF, αλλά και των μικρότερων βενθονικών τρηματοφόρων από 7 θέσεις, στοχεύοντας στη δημιουργία ενός μοντέλου παλαιοπεριβαλλοντικής ανασύστασης της περιοχής. Για αυτόν το σκοπό η έρευνα εστιάστηκε στις εξής επιμέρους κατευθύνσεις: 1) Μελέτη των LBF με σκοπό την αναθεωρημένη και ολοκληρωμένη συστηματική περιγραφή τους. Μια από τις καλύτερες θέσεις από άποψη διατήρησης, βιοποικιλότητας και τύπου ιζημάτων εντοπίζεται στο Φανάρι (ΝΔ της Κομοτηνής). Δύο εμφανίσεις, οι οποίες αποτελούνται από ρηχά θαλάσσια ιζήματα του ανώτερου Ηωκαίνου, δειγματίστηκαν για να αναλυθεί όλο το φάσμα του περιεχομένου των LBF, το οποίο περιλαμβάνει μια πλούσια και ποικιλόμορφη συνάθροιση από orthophragmines, nummulitids και άλλων βενθονικών τρηματοφόρων. Βάσει της λεπτομερούς συστηματικής περιγραφής, η ιζηματογενής ακολουθία χρονολογήθηκε στη βιοζώνη Shallow Benthic Zone (SBZ) 20, που αντιστοιχεί στο άνω Πριαμπόνιο. Προσδιορίστηκαν και αναλύθηκαν μορφομετρικά, για πρώτη φορά από τον ελληνικό χώρο, 24 είδη μεταξύ των οποίων 6 σε επίπεδο υποείδους (chrono-subspecies) που ανήκουν σε 12 γένη. Η σύνθεση των τρηματοφόρων χαρακτηρίζεται από τη σταθερή παρουσία του Nummulites fabianii σχεδόν σε όλη την ακολουθία. Τα πιο άφθονα είδη είναι τα Pellatispira madaraszi και Spiroclypeus carpaticus αν και εμφανίζονται στο ανώτερο τμήμα της ακολουθίας, μαζί με τα orthophragmines. Η κατανομή τους επέτρεψε την παλαιοπεριβαλλοντική αναπαράσταση της εξέλιξης της περιοχής του Φαναρίου. Διακρίθηκαν τρεις κύριες κατηγορίες αποθέσεων που λειτούργησαν στο ρηχό ανώτερο πρόσθιο τμήμα της ανθρακικής πλατφόρμας, καθιστώντας το Φανάρι μια περιοχή-κλειδί όχι μόνο του άνω Πριαμπονίου αλλά και των βιοφάσεων της εξωτερικής υφαλοκρηπίδας. 2) Λεπτομερής ανάλυση και καθορισμός Μικροφάσεων των ανθρακικών αποθέσεων. Η παλαιοπεριβαλλοντική εξέλιξη των αποθέσεων του μέσου-ανώτερου Ηωκαίνου ερευνήθηκε από πολλές εμφανίσεις της ηπειρωτικής χώρας (Κίρκη, Άβαντας, Μαρώνεια, Πυλαία, Διδυμότειχο) και στα νησιά Σαμοθράκη και Λήμνο. Όλα τα δείγματα που συλλέχθηκαν εξετάστηκαν σε λεπτές τομές. Τα παλαιοντολογικά και ιζηματολογικά δεδομένα διακρίνουν 16 τύπους μικροφάσεων που αντιπροσωπεύουν περιβάλλοντα εσωτερικής έως και εξωτερικής πλατφόρμας. Η ανάλυσή τους υποδηλώνει την ανάπτυξη μιας περιθωριοποιημένης ανθρακικής πλατφόρμας με απομονωμένους υφάλους, η οποία χαρακτηρίζεται από περιορισμένη έως ανοικτή κυκλοφορία νερού και υψηλή βιοποικιλότητα. Εξαιτίας της ταυτόχρονης τεκτονικής δραστηριότητας, δημιουργούνται τοπογραφικά υψώματα όπου αναπτύσσονται αυτοί οι «αρχαίοι» ύφαλοι. 3) Πραγματοποιήθηκε η μελέτη των μικρών βενθονικών τρηματοφόρων με σκοπό την αναθεωρημένη και ολοκληρωμένη συστηματική περιγραφή τους. Επιπλέον, καταγράφηκαν είδη που βρέθηκαν για πρώτη φορά από την περιοχή. Η βιοποικιλότητα τους και το πρότυπο κατανομής τους διερευνήθηκαν προκειμένου να επεκταθεί η παλαιοπεριβαλλοντική ανάλυση συνδυάζοντας τα μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά με τη στρατηγική ζωής τόσο των LBF όσο και των μικρών βενθονικών τρηματοφόρων. Συνολικά προσδιορίστηκαν 106 είδη, εκ των οποίων τα 46 να ανήκουν στα LBF. Βάσει των προαναφερθέντων, η ανθρακική πλατφόρμα του ελληνικού τμήματος της λεκάνης της Θράκης έχει ήδη χαρακτηριστεί ως μία από τις πιο πλούσιες σε είδη θέση του ωκεανού της Τηθύος και ως ένα hotspot βιοποικιλότητας για το άνω Πριαμπόνιο.

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