Διάτρηση αλάτων = Drilling through salt

Achileas Ioannis Bouchlariotis

Διάτρηση αλάτων = Drilling through salt

Achileas Ioannis Bouchlariotis

Περίληψη

Αυτή η διατριβή παρέχει μια επισκόπηση των εβαποριτών όσον αφορά τη γεωλογία και την τεκτονική και εξετάζει την προέλευση και την εξέλιξή τους με την πάροδο του χρόνου, την ταξινόμηση και τη δομή τους, καθώς και τη συσχέτισή τους με υδρογονάνθρακες, είτε ως πετρώματα πηγής είτε ως σφραγίδες και παγίδες. Παρουσιάζει το κύρια εβαποριτικά ορυκτά μαζί με τις φυσικές, τις διαγραφικές και τις μηχανικές τους τους ιδιότητες και τη συμπεριφορά των σχηματισμών αλάτων. Συζητά επίσης τις προκλήσεις που πρέπει να αντιμετωπίσουν οι μηχανικοί γεώτρησης όταν κάνουν γεωτρήσεις πάνω, μέσα και κάτω από σχηματισμούς άλατος. Στη συνέχεια, συζητά τις δυνατότητες και τις αναδυόμενες τεχνολογίες και μεθόδους που χρησιμοποιούνται στη γεώτρηση αλάτων, αναφέροντας ορισμένες πτυχές του σχεδιασμού φρέατος, όπως η απεικόνιση των σχηματισμών υπό των αλατούχων σχηματισμών και πτυχές των διεργασιών γεώτρησης, όπως ο σχεδιασμός κατώτερης συνδεσμολογίας, η επιλογή κορώνας γεωτρύπανου κ.λπ., καθώς και πτυχές σχετικά με τον έλεγχο και την επιλογή ρευστού διάτρησης. Τα συμπεράσματα αυτής της διατριβής υπογραμμίζουν την πολυπλοκότητα της γεώτρησης αλατιού και τη σημασία των συστηματικών πρακτικών και εξελίξεων για να προχωρήσουμε σε μια εποχή όπου οι υδρογονάνθρακες που συνδέονται με τα άλατα είναι εκμεταλλεύσιμοι χωρίς μεγάλους κινδύνους.

This thesis provides an overview of evaporites regarding geology and tectonics and examines their origin and evolution over time, their classification and structure, as well as their association with hydrocarbons, either as source rock or as seals and traps. It presents the main evaporitic minerals along with their physical properties, logging and mechanical properties, and behavior of salt formations. It also discusses the challenges that drilling engineers must meet when drilling above, through and beneath salt formations. It then discusses enabling and emerging technologies and methods used in salt drilling, by mentioning some aspects of well design, like subsalt imaging, and of drilling operations, like BHA design, bit selection, etc., as well as well control and drilling fluid selection. The conclusions of this thesis highlight the complexity of salt drilling and the importance of systematic practices and developments to move on to an era when hydrocarbons associated with salts are exploitable with no major risks.

Πλήρες Κείμενο:

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Αναφορές

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