Μελέτη του κυκλώνα Λάουρα στον Τροπικό βόρειο Ατλαντικό ωκεανό το 2020 = Study of hurricane Laura in the tropical north Atlantic ocean in 2020
Περίληψη
πραγματικά δεδομένα μαζί με πλεγματικά δεδομένα αναδρομικών αναλύσεων ERA5.
Μελετήθηκε η εξέλιξη ενός Αφρικανικού ανατολικού κύματος στον κυκλώνα Λάουρα πάνω από τον Ατλαντικό ωκεανό κατά την διάρκεια της εποχής των κυκλώνων τον Αύγουστο του 2020. Εντοπίστηκε η ύπαρξη ενός αφρικανικού ανατολικού κύματος
στην τροπική ΒΔ Αφρική. Μέσω του Αφρικανικού ανατολικού αεροχείμμαρου κινήθηκε γενικά δυτικά πάνω από τον τροπικό ΒΑ Ατλαντικό ωκεανό. Οι κατάλληλες περιβαλλοντικές και ατμοσφαιρικές συνθήκες πάνω από τον Β Ατλαντικό ωκεανό ήταν
αυτές που τελικά ευνόησαν στην περεταίρω ενίσχυση του συστήματος σε τροπική ύφεση και τροπική καταιγίδα. Τέλος, η ύπαρξη πολύ θερμών επιφανειακών νερών ιδιαίτερα εντός του Κόλπου του Μεξικού ευνόησαν την αναβάθμιση του συστήματος
στον κυκλώνα Λάουρα. Η σύγκριση των πραγματικών δεδομένων με τις αναδρομικές αναλύσεις ERA5 έδειξε ότι οι τελευταίες δεν μπόρεσαν να αποτυπώσουν την πλήρη ένταση του κυκλώνα.
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is the description and analysis of the tropical system that created hurricane Laura in north Atlantic in 2020. For this purpose meteorological measurements, satellite data and ERA5 reanalysis data were combined and processed.
The evolution of an African Easterly Wave in hurricane Laura over the Atlantic ocean during the August 2020 hurricane season was examined. An African Easterly Wave was detected in tropical NW Africa. Through the African easterly jet it moved generally westward over the tropical NE Atlantic ocean. The favorable environmental and atmospheric conditions over the N Atlantic ocean were ultimately conductive to the further strengthening of the system into a tropical depression and tropical storm. Finally, the occurrence of warm sea surface waters particularly within the Gulf of Mexico contributed significantly to the upgrade of the system to hurricane Laura. The comparison of the actual data with the ERA5 reanalyses showed that the gridded data did not manage to represent the actual intensity of the hurricane.
Πλήρες Κείμενο:
PDFΑναφορές
Ελληνική βιβλιογραφία
Γκιζάνης, Ε. Ι., 2019. Οι τυφώνες που έπληξαν τις νοτιοανατολικές Η.Π.Α. την τελευταία εικοσαετία. Διπλωματική εργασία. Τμήμα Γεωγραφίας, Πανεπιστήμιο Αιγαίου.
Πυθαρούλης, Ι., 2023. Μάθημα Συνοπτικής Μετεωρολογίας. Κεφάλαιο 1, Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών στη “Μετεωρολογία, Κλιματολογία και Ατμοσφαιρικό Περιβάλλον”. Τμήμα Γεωλογίας, Α.Π.Θ.
Διεθνή βιβλιογραφία
Black, M. L., and Willoughby, H. E., 1992. The Concentric Eyewall Cycle of Hurricane Gilbert. Monthly Weather Review, 120, 947-957.
Britton, S. C., 2021. An exploration of the marsupial paradigm in developing African Easterly Waves from 2020: Josephine, Isaias, and Laura. Naval Postgraduate School, 1-107.
Burpee, R. W., 1986. Mesoscale Structure of Hurricanes. Chapter 14, Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting, American Meteorological Society, 311-330.
CIMSS, 2017. CIMSS Tropical Cyclones. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison. https://tropic.ssec.wisc.edu/archive/data/NWAtlantic/20170906/IRImageColorBackground/20170906.09.NWAtlantic.IRImageColorBackground.png
Deutscher Wetterdienst, 2023. Tropical cyclones. CLIMATE & ENVIRONMENT. https://www.dwd.de/EN/climate_environment/climatemonitoring/global/tropical_cyclones/tropwirbelstuerme_artikel.html
Eley, E. N., Subrahmanyam, B., and Trott, C. B., 2021. Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions during Hurricanes Marco and Laura (2020). Remote Sens., 13.
Emanuel, K. A., 1986. An Air Sea Interaction Theory for Tropical Cyclones. Part: I: Steady-State Maintenance. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 43, 585-605.
Emanuel, K. A., 1988. Toward a General Theory of Hurricanes. American Scientist, 76, 371-379.
Emanuel, K. A., 1993. The physics of tropical cyclogenesis over the Eastern Pacific. ICSU/WMO International Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Disasters, 136-142.
Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 2012. Tropical Cyclone. Earth Sciences of Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/tropical-cyclone#/media/1/606551/75357
Evans, J. L., 2017. Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting. Chapter 4: Tropical Cyclonic Intensity, Structure, and Structure Change, WMO-No. 1194, 1-397
Foley, Gr., 1995. Observations and analysis of tropical cyclones. Global perspectives on tropical cyclones. WMO, TCP- No. 38, 1-20.
Gray, W. M., 1968. Global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and storms.. Monthly Weather Review, 96, 669-700.
Gray, W. M., 1979. Hurricanes: Their Formation, Structure and Likely Role in the Tropical Circulation. Meteorology over the tropical ocean. Royal Meteorological Society, Shaw, D. B., 155-218.
Gutro, R., 2003. Recipe for a Hurricane. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, News & Features. https://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/HURRICANE_RECIPE.html , (visited 28/3/2023).
Holland, G. J., 1993. Ready Reckoner. Chapter 9, Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting. WMO, TCP-31.
McBride, J. L. and Zehr R., 1981. Observational Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Formation. Part II: Comparison of Non-Developing versus Developing Systems. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 38, 1132-1151.
McBride, J. L., 1995. Tropical Cyclone Formation. Chapter 3, Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones. WMO, TCP-38, 63-105.
Met Office, 2023. Location of tropical cyclones. Weather & climate. Met Office. https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/weather/types-of-weather/hurricanes/locatio , (visited 17/3/2023).
MetLink, 2020. Stages of a typical Tropical Cyclone Lifecycle. MetLink, Royal Meteorological Society, 1-11.
National Geographic Society, 2022. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Earth Science, Climatology, Meteorology. National Geographic Society. 5-8. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/saffir-simpson-hurricane-wind-scale/ , (visited 7/4/2023).
National Hurricane Center, 2023. 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season Summary Table. 1-2. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/2020_Atlantic_Hurricane_Season_Summary_Table.pdf , (visited 10/10/2023).
National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Center, 2023. Tropical Cyclone Climatology. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/climo/ , (visited 24/3/2023).
National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center, 2023. Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Tracks. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tracks/tracks-at-2020.png , (visited 10/10/2023).
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2021. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center. 1-4.
National Weather Service, 2023. Tropical Cyclone Structure. Tropical Weather. https://www.weather.gov/jetstream/tc , (visited 23/3/2023)
Neumann, C. J., 1993. Global overview. Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting. WMO-No. 1194, 1-399.
Nunez, C., 2023. Hurricanes, Cyclones, and Typhoon Explained. Earth Science, Meteorology. National Geographic Society. 12. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/hurricanes-cyclones-and-typhoons-explained/ , (updated 3/4/2023).
Palmen, E., 1948. On the Formation and Structure of Tropical Hurricanes. Geophysica, 3, 26-38.
Pasch, R. J., Berg, R., Roberts, D. P., and Papin, P. P., 2021. HURRICANE LAURA. National Hurricane Center, Tropical Cyclone Report, 1-75.
Probst, P., Annunziato, A., Proietti, C., Paris, S., 2021. 2020 – Atlantic Hurricane Season: A record-breaking season. JRC Technical Report, European Commission, 1-36.
Pytharoulis, I., 1999. African Easterly Waves And Their Transformation Into Tropical Cyclones In North Atlantic. A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Meteorology, The University of Reading, 1-196.
Simpson, R. H., and Riehl, H., 1981. The Hurricane and Its Impact. Louisiana State University Press, pp 398.
World Meteorological Organization, 2020. Record-breaking Atlantic hurricane season ends. https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/record-breaking-atlantic-hurricane-season-ends , (updated 1/12/2020).
Yan, B., Liang, D., Porter, W., Huang, J., Sun, N., Zhou, L., Zhu, T., Goldberg, M., Zhang, D. L., and Liu, Q., 2020. Gap Filling of Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder Data as Applied to Hurricane Warm Core Animations. Earth and Space Science, 7, 1-18.
Zambon, J. B., He, R., Warner, J. C., and Hegermiller, C. A., 2021. Impact of SST and Surface Waves on Hurricane Florence (2018): A Coupled Modeling Investigation. Weather and Forecasting, 36, 1713-1734.
Zehnder, J. A., 2023. Tropical cyclone. Earth Sciences of Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/tropical-cyclone, (visited 3/3/2023).
Εισερχόμενη Αναφορά
- Δεν υπάρχουν προς το παρόν εισερχόμενες αναφορές.