Εξώφυλλο

Ruscinian Lagomorpha from Megalo Emvolon, Thessaloniki = Ρουσίνια Lagomorpha από το Μεγάλο Έμβολο, Θεσσαλονίκης.

Christina Nikolaos Kalaitzi,

Περίληψη


The research presented in this thesis focuses on the collection of leporids (Leporidae, Mammalia) found in Megalo Emvolon-4 (MVL), near Thessaloniki, Greece. The locality has provided a rich collection of remains, including cranial and postcranial bones, along with isolated teeth, all identified as Trischizolagus dumitrescuae.
The dental features, particularly the morphology of the p3, exhibit distinctive characteristics aligned with the diagnostic features of the genus Trischizolagus. These features include the rhombic outline of p3 with a broad lingual anteroconid, a well-developed anteroflexid, simple and uncrenulated enamel, and a consistent pattern in the lower and upper cheek teeth. Additionally, the presence of the “Alilepus” p3 pattern indicates significant similarities with that observed in typical T. dumitrescuae from Romania. Metrical comparisons, especially with specimens from M?lu?teni (Romania), further support the attribution of MVL material to T. dumitrescuae. In addition, the morphological and metrical agreement with dental remains from Megalo Emvolon-1 (MEV) strengthens this association. Hence, the first ever description of the cranium of T. dumitrescuae is provided from the MVL specimens. Comparative analysis with extant taxa reveals a combination of Lepus and Oryctolagus features in MVL T. dumitrescuae, suggesting an intermediate skull development between a hare and a rabbit. The estimated body mass of MVL T. dumitrescuae, around 1.7 to 2 kilograms, aligns with that of a small-sized L. europaeus or an average-sized O. cuniculus. Ecomorphological considerations based on limb and skull morphology suggest that MVL T. dumitrescuae possessed strong cursorial abilities and the potential for high jumping, indicating adaptation for swift movement. Additionally, the fore- and hindlimb features suggest a capability for digging. Lastly, from a palaeoecological perspective, the ecomorphological adaptations of the MVL leporid align with a mixed/open paleohabitat at Megalo Emvolon, reinforcing the notion that hares are suited for open areas. This study not only provides valuable insights into the morphological, metrical, and ecomorphological aspects of T. dumitrescuae in the Greek region and Europe but also enhances our understanding of the paleontological context of the Ruscinian fauna at Megalo Emvolon.

Στην παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή διπλωματική εργασία μελετάται η συλλογή απολιθωμένων λαγόμορφων (Leporidae, Mammalia) του Κάτω Πλειοκαίνου (Ρουσίνιο) που ανακαλύφθηκαν στη θέση Μεγάλο Έμβολο-4 (MVL), κοντά στη Θεσσαλονίκη. Η συλλογή προσφέρει ένα πλούσιο και καλοδιατηρημένο πλήθος απολιθωμάτων, περιλαμβάνοντας κρανία, οστά του μετακρανιακού σκελετού, καθώς και μεμονωμένα δόντια. Τα οδοντικά χαρακτηριστικά και ιδιαίτερα η μορφολογία του τρίτου προγομφίου της κάτω γνάθου (p3), συμφωνούν με τα διαγνωστικά χαρακτηριστικά του γένους Trischizolagus, όπως: το ρομβικό περίγραμμα του p3 με ένα πλατύ γλωσσικό εμπροσθοκωνίδιο, ένα καλά ανεπτυγμένο εμπροσθολεκανίδιο, την απλή και μη ρυτιδωμένη αδαμαντίνη και την απουσία βαθιάς αναδίπλωσης στα δόντια της κάτω γνάθου. Επιπλέον, η παρουσία του μορφότυπου "Alilepus" για τον p3 υποδεικνύει σημαντικές ομοιότητες με το τυπικό T. dumitrescuae από τη Ρουμανία. Οι μετρικές συγκρίσεις, ειδικά με δείγματα από το M?lu?teni (Ρουμανία), υποστηρίζουν περαιτέρω την ταξινόμηση του υλικού της θέσης MVL στο είδος T. dumitrescuae. Επιπροσθέτως, η μορφολογική και μετρική συμφωνία με τα οδοντικά υπολείμματα από το Μεγάλο Έμβολο-1 (MEV) ενισχύει περαιτέρω αυτή τη συσχέτιση. Καθώς η μορφολογία του κρανίου του είδος T. dumitrescuae δεν ήταν γνωστή έως σήμερα, η πρώτη πλήρης περιγραφή και απεικόνισή του κρανίου του είδους παρουσιάζεται από τα δείγματα της θέσης MVL. Οι συγκρίσεις με σύγχρονα είδη αποκαλύπτουν ότι το κρανίο του T. dumitrescuae της MVL φέρει έναν συνδυασμό χαρακτηριστικών από τα γένη Lepus και Oryctolagus, υποδηλώνοντας μια ενδιάμεση φυλογενετική θέση μεταξύ ενός λαγού και ενός κουνελιού. Η εκτιμώμενη μάζα σώματος του T. dumitrescuae της MVL, που υπολογίστηκε στα 1,7 έως 2 κιλά, ευθυγραμμίζεται με αυτή ενός μικρού μεγέθους L. europaeus ή ενός μέσου μεγέθους O. cuniculus. Από τις οικομορφολογικές αναλύσεις που βασίζονται στη μορφολογία του άκρου και του κρανίου υποδηλώνεται ότι το T. dumitrescuae της MVL διέθετε προσαρμογή για γρήγορη κίνηση και ισχυρές δρομικές ικανότητες, καθώς και δυνατότητα για άλματα εις ύψος. Ακόμη, από τα χαρακτηριστικά του εμπρόσθιου και οπίσθιου άκρου υποδηλώνεται η δυνατότητα για σκάψιμο. Τέλος, από παλαιοοικολογική σκοπιά, οι οικομορφολογικές προσαρμογές του λαγόμορφου της MVL βρίσκονται σε συμφωνία με ένα μικτό/ανοιχτό παλαιοβιότοπο όπως αυτός εικάζεται για το Μεγάλο Έμβολο κατά το Κάτω Πλειόκαινο. Η μελέτη αυτή προσφέρει πολύτιμες γνώσεις για τα μορφολογικά, μετρικά και οικολογικά χαρακτηριστικά του είδους T. dumitrescuae στην Ελλάδα και την Ευρώπη, αλλά επίσης εμβαθύνει την κατανόησή μας για το παλαιοπεριβαλλοντικό πλαίσιο της Ρουσίνιας πανίδας του Μεγάλου Εμβόλου.

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