Mesowear dietary compariton among Greek Εlephantidae (Mammuts anf Palaeoloxodon) = Διατροφικές συγκρίσεις μελών της οικογένειας των Εlephantidae (Mammuts anf Palaeoloxodon) μέσω μεσοτριβής.
Περίληψη
The studied material belongs to the mammoths Mammuthus rumanus, Mammuthus cf. rumanus, Mammuthus meridionalis, and Mammuthus trogontherii, and the elephant Palaeoloxodon antiquus, and originates from several localities in northern (Ptolemais Basin, Mygdonia Basin, Philippi–Drama Basin, and Haliakmon river-system) and southern (Megalopolis Basin, Loussika, Roupaki) Greece. Results indicate a grazing diet for M. (cf.) rumanus, mainly a browsing diet for the southern mammoth and a grazing one for the steppe mammoth, and a wide diet spectrum for the straight-tusked elephant, including browsing, mixed-feeding and grazing, depending on the locality. The results highlight the importance of mesowear analysis on proboscidean teeth for palaeodietary and palaeoenviromental inferences, especially when coupled with other proxies such as dental microwear and stable isotope analyses.
Οι αναλύσεις της οδοντικής αποτριβής εξαφανισμένων θηλαστικών, ειδικά των μεγαλόσωμων φυτοφάγων ζώων, παρέχουν σημαντικές παλαιοδιατροφικές πληροφορίες, οι οποίες συμβάλλουν σημαντικά στην ανασύσταση των παλαιοπεριβαλλόντων. Στην παρούσα διατριβή εφαρμόζεται η μέθοδος της οδοντικής μεσοτριβής σε ελέφαντες και μαμούθ από πλειοκαινικές και πλειστοκαινικές θέσεις της Ελλάδας ώστε να διαχωριστούν στις τρεις κύριες διατροφικές κατηγορίες των φυτοφάγων (θαλλοφάγοι – “browsers”, ποηφάγοι – “grazers”, και ενδιάμεσου τύπου – “mixed feeders”), να συλλεχθούν δεδομένα που αφορούν τις διατροφικές τους συνήθειες, καθώς και να εντοπισθούν πιθανές περιπτώσεις διαχωρισμού θώκων. Η μέθοδος βασίζεται στην καταγραφή των μορφών; μορφοτύπων; φθοράς στις επιφάνειες των γομφίων μέσω μετρήσεων των γωνιών που σχηματίζουν τα τοιχώματα της αδαμαντίνης, οι οποίες αντιστοιχούν στη μέση ετήσια διατροφή και κατ? επέκταση στις ετήσιες οικολογικές συνθήκες της περιοχής μελέτης. Προκειμένου να εξασφαλισθεί η εξαγωγή ασφαλών αποτελεσμάτων από τη μεσοτριβή, πραγματοποιήθηκε επιπλέον ταξινομική ανασκόπηση των υπό μελέτη δειγμάτων.
Το υλικό μελέτης ανήκει στα μαμούθ Mammuthus rumanus, Mammuthus cf. rumanus, Mammuthus meridionalis και Mammuthus trogontherii, και τον ελέφαντα Palaeoloxodon antiquus και προέρχεται από διάφορες θέσεις της βόρειας (λεκάνη Πτολεμαΐδας, λεκάνη Μυγδονίας, λεκάνη Φιλίππων–Δράμας και το ποτάμιο σύστημα του Αλιάκμονα) και νότιας (λεκάνη Μεγαλόπολης, Λουσικά, Ρουπάκι) Ελλάδας. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν grazing διατροφή στο Μ. rumanus, κυρίως browsing στο M. meridionalis, κυρίως grazing στο M. trogontherii και διατροφή που καλύπτει όλο το διατροφικό φάσμα στο P. antiquus ανάλογα με τη θέση. Τα αποτελέσματα αναδεικνύουν τη σημασία της ανάλυσης της μεσοτριβής δοντιών προβοσκιδωτών στην εξαγωγή παλαιοδιατροφικών και παλαιοπεριβάλλοντικών συμπερασμάτων, ειδικά όταν αυτά συνδυάζονται με άλλες μεθόδους, όπως αναλύσεις οδοντικής μικροτριβής και σταθερών ισοτόπων.
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