Μεταλλογένεση κοιτασμάτων πορφυριτικού τύπου = Metallogenesis of porphyry type ore deposits

Χριστίνα Βασίλειος Μαυρέα

Μεταλλογένεση κοιτασμάτων πορφυριτικού τύπου = Metallogenesis of porphyry type ore deposits

Χριστίνα Βασίλειος Μαυρέα

Περίληψη

Η διπλωματική αυτή εργασία εξετάζει τη μεταλλογένεση πορφυριτικών κοιτασμάτων, τα οποία αποτελούν σημαντικές πηγές χαλκού, χρυσού και μολυβδαινίου παγκοσμίως. Τα πορφυριτικά κοιτάσματα σχηματίζονται μέσω υδροθερμικών διεργασιών που λαμβάνουν χώρα σε περιοχές με έντονη μαγματική δραστηριότητα, συνήθως σε συνθήκες σύγκλισης τεκτονικών πλακών. Η εργασία αναλύει τη δομή των κοιτασμάτων, η οποία επηρεάζεται από τη θερμοκρασία και τη σύσταση των υδροθερμικών ρευστών, και εξετάζει τις κύριες ζώνες υδροθερμικής εξαλλοίωσης: ποτασσική, προπυλιτική, σερικιτική και αργιλική. Επίσης, αναλύεται η κατανομή των μετάλλων σε αυτές τις ζώνες και η σημασία τους για την εξορυκτική δραστηριότητα. Επιπλέον, η εργασία παρουσιάζει τα κυριότερα παγκόσμια πορφυριτικά κοιτάσματα, καθώς και τα σημαντικότερα ελληνικά κοιτάσματα και εμφανίσεις, όπως των Σκουριών και της Μαρώνειας. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίνεται στην περιβαλλοντική διάσταση της εξόρυξης, καθώς και στην κοινωνική αποδοχή των εξορυκτικών δραστηριοτήτων. Η κατανόηση του μηχανισμού σχηματισμού αυτών των κοιτασμάτων και η βιώσιμη διαχείριση των πόρων τους είναι ζωτικής σημασίας για την οικονομία και το περιβάλλον.

This thesis examines the metallogenesis of porphyry ore deposits, which are significant sources of copper, gold, and molybdenum worldwide. Porphyry deposits form through hydrothermal processes occurring in areas with intense magmatic activity, typically in tectonic plate convergence zones. The thesis analyzes the zonation of these deposits, influenced by temperature and the composition of hydrothermal fluids, and explores the main hydrothermal alteration zones: potassic, propylitic, sericitic, and argillic. The distribution of metals within these zones and their importance for mining activities are also discussed. Additionally, the thesis presents major global porphyry deposits as well as significant Greek deposits, such as Skouries and Maronia. Special emphasis is placed on the environmental impact of mining, along with the social impact of the mining activities. Understanding the formation mechanisms of these deposits and the sustainable management of their resources is crucial for both the economy and the environment.

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Αναφορές

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