Η διδακτορική διατριβή πραγματεύεται την τεχνικογεωλογική αξιολόγηση και ταξινόμηση των γεωλογικών σχηματισμών του αστικού περιβάλλοντος της Θεσσαλονίκης με τη δημιουργία και χρήση τεχνικογεωλογικής βάσης δεδομένων. Η έρευνα επικεντρώνεται στη λεπτομερή διερεύνηση της γεωλογικής σύστασης, των τεχνικογεωλογικών ιδιοτήτων και της υδρογεωλογικής συμπεριφοράς των τεχνητών επιχώσεων κι αποθέσεων Τεταρτογενούς και Νεογενούς ηλικίας, με σκοπό την αντιμετώπιση γεωλογικών και γεωτεχνικών προκλήσεων. Στην περίπτωση ενός αστικού περιβάλλοντος όπου συναντώνται κατά βάση εδαφικά γεωυλικά, η δημιουργία μιας τέτοιας βάσης δεδομένων με σκοπό τη διαχείριση μεγάλου πλήθους δεδομένων είναι επιτακτική, καθώς συνδράμει στην απομείωση της γεωλογικής αβεβαιότητας που σχετίζεται με: την έλλειψη ή/και περιορισμένη προσβασιμότητα σε γεωλογικά και τεχνικογεωλογικά δεδομένα, τη γεωλογική ετερογένεια του υπεδάφους, τη διακύμανση των γεωλογικών σχηματισμών στο χώρο και τις συνθήκες των υπόγειων υδάτων, τη διαφοροποίηση των τεχνικογεωλογικών συνθηκών ανά τεχνικογεωλογικές ενότητες, την ύπαρξη ζωνών και περιοχών γεωλογικής επικινδυνότητας, τις προκλήσεις που συναντώνται κατά το σχεδιασμό έργων υποδομής και την εκδήλωση γεωκινδύνων. Τα δεδομένα που εισήχθησαν κι επεξεργάστηκαν εντός της τεχνικογεωλογικής βάσης δεδομένων προέρχονται από περισσότερες από 600 γεωτρήσεις πλήθους γεωτεχνικών ερευνών και μελετών κι αφορούν σε αποτελέσματα εργαστηριακών κι επιτόπου δοκιμών που διενεργήθηκαν στους εξεταζόμενους γεωλογικούς σχηματισμούς της περιοχής έρευνας. Βασικός στόχος της βάσης δεδομένων, είναι να αναδείξει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο η γεωλογική και τεχνικογεωλογική γνώση μπορούν να διαχειριστούν σε μια καλά οργανωμένη πλατφόρμα. Η παρούσα διατριβή εστιάζει στη λεπτομερή ανάλυση και συσχέτιση των δεδομένων, ούτως ώστε να προκύψουν χρήσιμες πληροφορίες που σχετίζονται με τον ασφαλή σχεδιασμό τεχνικών έργων, τη διαχείριση έναντι γεωκινδύνων και την προστασία του γεωπεριβάλλοντος στη λεκάνη της Θεσσαλονίκης. Η έρευνα ενισχύεται περαιτέρω από τον συνδυασμό διαφορετικών λογισμικών, επιστημονικών εργαλείων, γεωστατιστικών και προγραμματιστικών τεχνικών με σκοπό την ανάλυση, συσχέτιση και παρουσίαση των δεδομένων. Συγκεκριμένα, παράγεται ένα μεγάλο πλήθος παραγόμενων αποτελεσμάτων, όπως: i. Θεματικοί χάρτες κατανομής πάχους και βάθους των τεχνητών επιχώσεων κι αποθέσεων Τεταρτογενούς και Νεογενούς ηλικίας, χάρτες κατανομής λεπτόκοκκων κι αδρόκοκκων υλικών για τις αποθέσεις Τεταρτογενούς και Νεογενούς ηλικίας για διάφορα βάθη και χωρικής κατανομής πλήθους τεχνικογεωλογικών φυσικών και μηχανικών παραμέτρων, ii. Στατιστικές κατανομές ποσοστιαίας συμμετοχής και διαγράμματα κατανομής των εξεταζόμενων φυσικών και μηχανικών ιδιοτήτων με το βάθος κι ανά κατηγορία γεωυλικού, iii. Δισδιάστατες τομές και τρισδιάστατα γεωλογικά και τεχνικογεωλογικά μοντέλα στα οποία προβάλλονται η χωρική κατανομή των σχηματισμών και η μεταβλητότητα των εξεταζόμενων φυσικών και μηχανικών παραμέτρων, iv. ο νέος επικαιροποιημένος τεχνικογεωλογικός χάρτης του λεκανοπεδίου της Θεσσαλονίκης με τον επαναπροσδιορισμό των γεωλογικών επαφών με βάση τα νέα διαθέσιμα δεδομένα, v. Λεπτομερή εύρη τιμών και στατιστικοί δείκτες για τις εξεταζόμενες φυσικές, μηχανικές και υδραυλικές ιδιότητες των γεωλογικών σχηματισμών και vi. Παραδείγματα συγκεκριμένων εφαρμογών-χρήσεων της βάσης, με έμφαση στη διερεύνηση κι εκτίμηση της τεχνικογεωλογικής αξιολόγησης βάσει επικινδυνότητας (εδώ ρευστοποίησης κι εκδήλωσης καθιζήσεων) και είδους τεχνικού έργου (διάνοιξη αστικών σηράγγων και κατασκευή σημαντικών θεμελιώσεων). Μέσω αυτής της διαδικασίας, επιτυγχάνεται ο μετασχηματισμός πλήθους πρωτογενών δεδομένων - μη διαθέσιμων έως σήμερα - σε χρήσιμες πληροφορίες που μπορούν να αξιοποιηθούν περαιτέρω τόσο σε ερευνητικό, όσο και τεχνικό επίπεδο, με σκοπό την ενίσχυση των διαδικασιών λήψης αποφάσεων που σχετίζονται με την ασφαλή αστική ανάπτυξη και την προστασία της Θεσσαλονίκης από γεωκινδύνους.

The doctoral thesis deals with the engineering geological assessment and classification of the geological formations of Thessaloniki’s urban area through the creation and use of a geotechnical database. The research focuses on the detailed investigation of the geological composition, engineering geological properties and hydrogeological behavior of fill deposits and sediments of Quaternary and Neogene age. In case of an urban environment where soil geomaterials are predominant, the creation of such a database for big data management is crucial as it assists in reducing the geological uncertainty related to: lack of and/or limited access to geological and engineering geological data, geological heterogeneity of the subsurface, spatially variation of geological formations and groundwater conditions, discrimination of engineering geological conditions per engineering geological units, existence of geological hazardous zones, challenges encountered in the early stages of designing infrastructure projects and the occurrence of geohazards. The data entered and processed within the engineering geological database originate from more than 600 boreholes of numerous geotechnical investigations and refer to the results of laboratory and field tests carried out in the geological formations of the research area. The research focuses on developing various correlations within the database in order to generate useful information related to the safe design of engineering projects, management against geohazards and protection of the geoenvironment in the Thessaloniki basin. The remarkable contribution of the research is enhanced by the detailed methodological approach followed, which combines different software, scientific tools, geostatistical and coding techniques in order to analyse, correlate and present the data. In particular, a large amount of produced outcomes is generated, categorized as follows: i. Thematic maps displaying thickness and depth distribution of fill deposits and sediments of Quaternary and Neogene age, distribution of fine and coarse-grained materials for sediments of Quaternary and Neogene age for various depths and spatial distribution of a significant number of engineering geological physical and mechanical parameters, ii. Statistical plots and relative frequency of the distributions on the physical and mechanical properties, by depth and geomaterial category, iii. Two-dimensional sections and three-dimensional geological and engineering geological models displaying the spatial distribution and variability of the geological formations investigated, as well as the physical and mechanical parameters by depth, iv. The new updated engineering geological map of Thessaloniki basin highlighting the redefinition of the geological contacts based on the new available data, v. Range of values and statistical indices for the physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties of the geological formations examined in detail and vi. Examples of specific applications-usages of the database, with emphasis on the investigation and assessment of the engineering geological evaluation based on geohazards (here, liquefaction and settlement) and type of engineering project (urban tunneling and construction of major foundations). Through this methodology, a large amount of primary data - not available until now - is transformed into useful information that can be further exploited both on research and technical level. Thus, a useful tool is created, in order to optimize decision-making process related to safe urban development and protection of Thessaloniki from geohazards.

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