Εξώφυλλο

Συμβολή της Τηλεπισκόπησης και των GIS στη διαχείριση της γεωλογικής κληρονομιάς σε διάφορες κλίμακες = Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS in geological heritage management at various scales.

Ζωή Σταύρος Πανταζοπούλου

Περίληψη


Η παρούσα διατριβή πραγματεύεται τη διαχείριση της Γεωλογικής Κληρονομιάς με τη συμβολή της Τηλεπισκόπησης και των GIS. Η έννοια της γεωλογικής κληρονομιάς περικλείει χαρακτηριστικές γεωμορφές, πετρώματα, απολιθώματα, αποθέσεις και διαδικασίες, οι οποίες συνθέτουν τη γεωλογική ιστορία κάθε περιοχής. Η γεωλογική ιστορία κάθε περιοχής αποτελεί αναπόσπαστο κομμάτι της ευρύτερης ιστορίας της Γης, η οποία με τη σειρά της συνδέεται με τους ανθρώπους και τον πολιτισμό τους. Η διαχείριση της γεωλογικής κληρονομίας περιλαμβάνει ένα φάσμα σταδίων. Η Τηλεπισκόπηση και τα GIS, συνιστούν επιστήμες και εργαλεία - που έχουν σημειώσει τα τελευταία χρόνια άλματα προόδου και βρίσκουν εφαρμογή σε πολλά επιστημονικά πεδία και κατ’επέκταση στη Γεωλογία. Ο κύριος σκοπός της διατριβής είναι η μελέτη και ανάδειξη προηγμένων μεθόδων Τηλεπισκόπησης και GIS, στην εν γένει διαχείριση της γεωλογικής κληρονομιάς. Στο πλαίσιο της λήφθηκαν υπόψη και διερευνήθηκαν τρεις βασικοί τύποι Τηλεπισκόπησης, σε συνδυασμό με τα GIS, όπου αυτό κρίθηκε σκόπιμο/εφικτό. Η εφαρμογή και διερεύνηση των δυνατοτήτων της Τηλεπισκόπησης και GIS έλαβε χώρα υπό τη μορφή περιπτωσιολογικών μελετών, οι οποίες καλύπτουν όλο το φάσμα των χαρτογραφικών κλιμάκων. Οι κλίμακες αντιστοιχούν σε εθνική, μικρή, μεσαία και μεγάλη. Αφορούν μία χώρα, επιμέρους περιοχές, γεωμορφές, αντικείμενα, που μπορούν να χαρακτηριστούν ως γεωλογική κληρονομιά. Διερευνήθηκαν οι εν λόγω δυνατότητες σε όλα τα επιμέρους βήματα διαχείρισης της γεωλογικής κληρονομιάς. Η ιδιαιτερότητα και πρωτοτυπία της διατριβής αφορά αρχικά στη συσχέτιση της γεωλογικής κληρονομιάς με την επιστήμη της Τηλεπισκόπησης και τα GIS, καθώς και στην κατά περίπτωση ακρίβεια απόδοσης της πληροφορίας. Μελετήθηκε η γεωλογική κληρονομιά σε όλες τις κλίμακες, δίνοντας τη δυνατότητα να εφαρμοστούν οι τρεις τύποι της Τηλεπισκόπησης και να εξεταστούν ως προς την συμβολή τους σε κάθε στάδιο της διαχείρισης της γεωλογικής κληρονομιάς. Η μελέτη αυτή συμπληρώνεται μέσω της εξέτασης της χρήσης των GIS στα στάδια διαχείρισης. Τα αποτελέσματα όλων των σταδίων μελέτης της συμβολής των δυο αντικειμένων σε σχέση με τη γεωλογική κληρονομιά του Ελληνικού χώρου χρησιμοποιούνται επίσης σε μια πρακτική εφαρμογή στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία, ως χαρακτηριστικό παράδειγμα αξιοποίησής τους στα ανώτερα στάδια διαχείρισης. Η ανάπτυξη της βάση δεδομένων για τη γεωκληρονομιά της Ελλάδας σε περιβάλλον GIS, παρέχει πληροφορίες με όσο το δυνατό μεγαλύτερη χωρική ακρίβεια, η οποία επιτρέπει το συνδυασμό με περαιτέρω τηλεπισκοπικά και άλλα γεωχωρικά προϊόντα/πληροφορίες. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο, προκύπτουν νέα στοιχεία για τη γεωκληρονομιά σε τοπικό, περιφερειακό και εθνικό επίπεδο, τα οποία δε μπορούσαν να εξαχθούν μέχρι σήμερα σε αυτήν την έκταση και ακρίβεια. Σημαντικό είναι, ότι η ύπαρξη της γεωβάσης ανοίγει πολλές μελλοντικές δυνατότητες αξιοποίησής της από κάθε ενδιαφερόμενο χρήστη, σε συνδυασμό με κάθε είδους σχετική γεωχωρική πληροφορία. Αναφορικά με την πρωτοτυπία στις επιμέρους περιπτωσιολογικές μελέτες στις τρεις βασικές κλίμακες, τεκμηριώνονται ψηφιακά σημαντικά στοιχεία γεωκληρονομιάς, ενώ μελετώνται διάφορες παράμετροι της γεωκληρονομιάς της Μήλου. Επιπλέον, ως προς τα ανώτερα στάδια διαχείρισης, τεκμηριώνεται η συμβολή των γεωχωρικών δεδομένων για εκπαιδευτικούς σκοπούς σε διαφορετικές συνθήκες και ακροατήρια. Τέλος, διατυπώνονται επιστημονικά τεκμηριωμένες προτάσεις αξιοποίησης της Τηλεπισκόπησης και των GIS για τη διαχείριση της γεωλογικής κληρονομιάς. Με βάση τα αποτελέσματα της διατριβής παρέχονται κατευθυντήριες γραμμές με τη μορφή πινάκων, ως προς τη χρήση γεωχωρικών δεδομένων, συναρτήσει της κλίμακας και του σταδίου διαχείρισης της γεωκληρονομιάς.

The present doctoral thesis investigates the management of Geological Heritage, focusing on the contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS. The concept of geological heritage includes characteristic or even rare landforms, rocks, fossils, deposits and processes, which make up the geological history of each region. The geological history of each region is an integral part of the wider history of the Earth, which in turn is linked to people and their culture. The management of geological heritage includes a wide range of stages. Remote Sensing, as well as GIS, are both sciences and tools that have rapidly evolved in recent years and have found application in different scientific fields, among which that of Geology. The main purpose of this thesis is to study and showcase advanced Remote Sensing methods and GIS, in the broader management of geological heritage. In the framework of the thesis, three main types of Remote Sensing were considered and investigated, in combination with GIS, where this was deemed appropriate/feasible. The application and investigation of the potentialities of Remote Sensing and GIS were examined in the form of case studies, which cover the entire range of cartographic scales. The scales correspond to national, small, medium and large. These potentialities were explored in all individual steps of geological heritage management. The distinctive quality and originality of the thesis concern firstly the holistic association of the geological heritage with the science of Remote Sensing and GIS, as well as the accuracy of the relevant information for each case study. Geological heritage was studied at all scales, while all three types of Remote Sensing were applied and examined in terms of contribution to each stage of geological heritage management. This study is complemented by the examination of the use of GIS in the management stages. Part of the results were also applied, as an additional case study, in the educational process, as a characteristic example of their utilization in higher stages of management. The development of a database for the geoheritage of Greece in a GIS environment provides information with as much spatial accuracy as possible, which allows for their combination with further remote sensing and other geospatial products/information. With this, new data on geoheritage at the local, regional and national level emerge, which could not be collected to this extent and precision to date. It is important to note that the existence of the geodatabase allows for many future possibilities for its utilization by any interested user, in combination with any kind of relevant geospatial information. Concerning the originality of the individual case studies at the three main scales, important geoheritage elements are digitally documented, while various parameters of the geoheritage of Milos Island are studied, as indicative cases of the contribution of geospatial technologies and data. Furthermore, regarding the higher stages of management, and in particular the exploitation of geoheritage, the contribution of geospatial data to educational purposes in different circumstances and for different audiences is documented with tangible and measurable results in the last case study. Scientifically substantiated proposals for the purposeful utilization of Remote Sensing and GIS in geological heritage management are propounded. Finally, based on the results of the thesis, ensemble guidelines are provided in the form of tables, regarding the use of geospatial data, in relation to the scale and stage of geoheritage management.


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URL 16 whc.unesco.org/en/list/1695 15-12-23

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URL 36 http://www.mfi-miliasgrevenon.gr

URL 37 https://www.milosminingmuseum.com


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