Υποθαλάσσιες ροές βαρύτητας και η επίδρασή τους στις ανθρώπινες δραστηριότητες = Submarine gravity flows and their effect on human activities.

Θωμάς Κωνσταντίνος Περηφανόπουλος

Υποθαλάσσιες ροές βαρύτητας και η επίδρασή τους στις ανθρώπινες δραστηριότητες = Submarine gravity flows and their effect on human activities.

Θωμάς Κωνσταντίνος Περηφανόπουλος

Περίληψη

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εξετάζει την επίδραση των υποθαλάσσιων ροών βαρύτητας στις ανθρώπινες δραστηριότητες, εστιάζοντας στις γεωλογικές διαδικασίες που τις προκαλούν και στις συνέπειες για τις ανθρώπινες υποδομές και εγκαταστάσεις. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο, παρέχεται ένα ολοκληρωμένο θεωρητικό πλαίσιο για τις υποθαλάσσιες ροές βαρύτητας. Ορίζονται οι βασικές έννοιες και τα χαρακτηριστικά των υποθαλάσσιων ροών βαρύτητας. Το κεφάλαιο συνεχίζει με την ανάλυση των ροών υψηλής και χαμηλής πυκνότητας, την εφαρμογή του μοντέλου Buma για την κατανόηση των ροών και τα αίτια δημιουργίας αυτών των φαινομένων. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο αναλύει τις επιπτώσεις των υποθαλάσσιων ροών βαρύτητας στις ανθρώπινες δραστηριότητες. Εξετάζονται οι επιπτώσεις στις υποθαλάσσιες ανθρώπινες εγκαταστάσεις, όπως οι πλατφόρμες εξόρυξης και τα υποθαλάσσια δίκτυα. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο, παρουσιάζονται παραδείγματα που αναδεικνύουν τη σημασία της κατανόησης των υποθαλάσσιων ροών βαρύτητας και των επιπτώσεών τους. Εξετάζονται τέσσερις περιοχές με έντονα γεωλογικά χαρακτηριστικά και σημαντικές επιπτώσεις στις ανθρώπινες δραστηριότητες: ο Κορινθιακός Κόλπος, το δέλτα του Ροδανού, το Capbreton Canyon και το δέλτα του Στενού της Ταϊβάν. Κάθε παράδειγμα αναλύει τις διαδικασίες εναπόθεσης ιζημάτων, τις γεωμορφολογικές μεταβολές και τις επιπτώσεις στις υποδομές. Μέσα από τη παρούσα εργασία, αναδεικνύεται η ανάγκη για συνεχή παρακολούθηση και βελτίωση των στρατηγικών προστασίας των υποδομών από τις υποθαλάσσιες ροές, καθώς και η σημασία της κατανόησης των γεωλογικών διαδικασιών για την πρόβλεψη και την αποφυγή καταστροφών με στόχο την ενίσχυση της ασφάλειας και της ανθεκτικότητας των ανθρωπίνων υποδομών στις θαλάσσιες περιοχές.

The present thesis examines the impact of submarine gravity flows on human activities, focusing on the geological processes that drive them and their consequences for human infrastructure and facilities. The First chapter provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for submarine gravity flows. It defines the fundamental concepts and characteristics of submarine gravity flows and explores their types, such as turbidity currents, debris flows, and slumps. The chapter continues with an analysis of high-density and low-density flows, the application of the Buma model for understanding these flows, and the causes of these phenomena. The second chapter analyzes the effects of submarine gravity flows on human activities. It investigates the impacts on underwater human installations, such as extraction platforms and subsea networks. The study focuses on the damage that submarine gravity flows can inflict on infrastructure and the strategies for preventing and minimizing these risks. The third chapter presents examples highlighting the importance of understanding submarine gravity flows and their impacts. It examines four areas with significant geological features and notable impacts on human activities: the Corinth Gulf, the Rhône Delta, Capbreton Canyon, and the Taiwan Strait Delta. Each example analyzes sediment deposition processes, geomorphological changes, and impacts on infrastructure. Through this thesis, the need for ongoing monitoring and improvement of infrastructure protection strategies against submarine flows is highlighted, as well as the importance of understanding geological processes to predict and avoid disasters, with the aim of enhancing the safety and resilience of human infrastructure in marine areas.

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Αναφορές

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