Site characterisation at a target site is a fundamental component in understanding the geotechnical characteristics and predicting site's ground response for seismic hazard assessment. Seismic building codes usually adopt as a fundamental parameter for site classification the average velocity of S-waves at the topmost 30m of the subsurface, VS30 However, to address the limitations of this approach, efforts towards new seismic codes have been attempted, introducing additional parameters. The primary aim of this dissertation is to enhance seismic hazard assessment by presenting an integrated approach for Site Amplification Factors (SAFs) estimation, by considering both the seismological, H3km/s and engineering, H0.8km/s bedrock, using 152 stations of ITSAK accelerometer network, throughout Greece. The Horizontal Spectral Amplification Factors (HSAFs) estimated down to H0.8km/s, have been utilised in categorisation per soil type according to the European current seismic building code (Eurocode 8, EC8-1) and the new version of 2024 draft of EC8. For each category in both EC8 versions, an average HSAF was calculated and juxtaposed along with the standard site amplification factors determined in the codes. Horizontal and Vertical SAFs alongside with seismic source (moment magnitude Mo, stress drop Δσ) and propagation path factors (geometrical spreading γ, quality, Q) of shear wave window of recordings, were estimated through the Generalized Inversion Technique (GIT). Six stations were selected as references, which were located on 'rock' formations all over Greece, according to IGME geological maps. Ambient noise measurements (mHVSR) and dispersion curves data at those six reference sites were utilised for a joint inversion, using 'HV-inv' software, considering the Diffused Field Assumption (DFA), in order to acquire 1D profiles of shear wave velocity with respect to depth, Vsz, down to seismological bedrock. These six reference sites profiles, were then used to estimate their corresponding 1D theoretical Site spectral Amplification Factors (SAFstheoretical) for H0.8km/s and H3km/s, to adapt their observed Fourier Amplification Spectra (FAS) on the surface to their equivalent on bedrock. Then, the deconvolved FAS were fed in the GIT and the resulting seismic source, path and site factors for H0.8km/s were compared with the corresponding ones for H3km/s, revealing small differences for the first two factors and more discernible for the site factor. Furthermore, the inverse of the horizontal-to-vertical spectra ratio, VbHbR, which is used to convert the amplitude of horizontal S-waves into vertical P-waves, was evaluated for each reference site. Since the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of earthquake recordings (eHVSR) also contain the vertical amplification there is need to correct the VSAF. For this purpose, the Vertical Amplification Correction Functions (VACFs) were determined utilising the HSAFs as resulted from the GIT analysis, which could be used to blindly estimate the HSAF at a site. An average VACF was calculated for all 152 stations and an average VACF for eight categories based on the fundamental frequency, f0, and the corresponding amplification, A0, of eHVSR data. Finally, the 152 accelerometer station sites were characterised according to the current EC8 and the draft 2024 EC8. While overall comparisons of HSAF and the corresponding EC8 amplification factors per category align satisfactorily, certain discrepancies and limitations were identified and discussed.

Η εδαφική κατηγοριοποίηση μίας θέσης αποτελεί θεμελιώδες στοιχείο για την κατανόηση των γεωλογικών χαρακτηριστικών αλλά και την πρόβλεψη της εδαφικής της απόκρισης, με στόχο την ακριβέστερη εκτίμηση της σεισμικής επικινδυνότητας. Αρκετοί αντισεισμικοί κανονισμοί υιοθετούν ως κύρια παράμετρο για την εδαφική ταξινόμηση μιας θέσης, τη μέση ταχύτητα των εγκαρσίων κυμάτων στα αρχικά 30m του υπεδάφους, VS30. Ωστόσο, εντοπίσθηκαν αρκετοί περιορισμοί στη προσέγγιση αυτή, οδηγώντας σε τροποποιήσεις των αντισεισμικών κανονισμών, εισάγοντας επιπρόσθετες παραμέτρους. Πρωταρχικός στόχος αυτής της διατριβής είναι η βελτίωση των εκτιμήσεων της σεισμικής επικινδυνότητας, παρουσιάζοντας μια προσέγγιση για την εκτίμηση των φασματικών παραγόντων ενίσχυσης (SAFs), τόσο για το σεισμολογικό, H3km/s όσο και το βραχώδες, H0.8km/s, υπόβαθρο, αξιοποιώντας 152 σταθμούς του δικτύου επιταχυνσιογράφων του Ινστιτούτου Τεχνικής Σεισμολογίας και Αντισεισμικών Κατασκευών από όλο τον ελλαδικό χώρο. Οι συντελεστές φασματικής ενίσχυσης οριζόντιας συνιστώσας (HSAFs) που υπολογίστηκαν για H0.8km/s, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν στη κατηγοριοποίηση ανά τύπο εδάφους σύμφωνα με τον ισχύοντα ευρωπαϊκό αντισεισμικό κανονισμό (Ευρωκώδικας 8, EC8-1) και τη νέα έκδοση του 2024 EC8. Για κάθε κατηγορία εδάφους που ορίζεται και στους δύο ευρωκώδικες EC8 υπολογίστηκε ένας μέσος όρος HSAF και συγκρίθηκε με τους αντίστοιχους συντελεστές που ορίζονται στους δύο κώδικες. Τα SAFs της οριζόντιας και κατακόρυφης συνιστώσας, μαζί με παράγοντες της σεισμική πηγή (σεισμική ροπή, MΟ, πτώση τάσης, Δσ) και του δρόμου διαδρομής (συντελεστής γεωμετρικής διασποράς γ, συντελεστής ποιότητας, Q) των φασμάτων Fourier, εκτιμήθηκαν μέσω της Γενικευμένης Αντιστροφής (GIT). Επιλέχθηκαν έξι σταθμοί αναφοράς σε όλη την Ελλάδα, εγκατεστημένοι σε βραχώδεις σχηματισμούς, σύμφωνα με τους γεωλογικούς χάρτες του ΙΓΜΕ. Οι μετρήσεις περιβαλλοντικού θορύβου (mHVSR) και οι υπολογισμοί των καμπυλών διασποράς σε αυτές τις έξι θέσεις, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν σε μια κοινή αντιστροφή, χρησιμοποιώντας το λογισμικό 'HV-inv', λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την υπόθεση της διάχυσης της σεισμικής ενέργειας (DFA), με στόχο την ανάκτηση μονοδιάστατου (1D-VSZ) προφίλ μέχρι το βάθος του σεισμολογικού υποβάθρου. Αυτά τα έξι προφίλ στις θέσεις αναφοράς, στη συνέχεια χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την εκτίμηση των 1D θεωρητικών φασματικών παραγόντων ενίσχυσης (1D-SAFstheoretical) για H0.8km/s και H3km/s, προκειμένου να γίνει αναγωγή των παρατηρούμενων φασμάτων Fourier (FAS) από την επιφάνεια στο ζητούμενο υπόβαθρο. Στη συνέχεια, τα διορθωμένα FAS αξιοποιήθηκαν στη τροφοδοτήθηκαν στον κώδικα της GIT και οι προκύπτοντες παράγοντες σεισμικής πηγής, διαδρομής και θέσης ενδιαφέροντος για H0.8km/s συγκρίθηκαν με τους αντίστοιχους για H3km/s, αποκαλύπτοντας διαφορές μικρές για τους δύο πρώτους παράγοντες και πιο ευδιάκριτες στη περίπτωση των τοπικών εδαφικών συνθηκών. Επιπλέον, ο αντίστροφος φασματικός λόγος της οριζόντιας προς την κατακόρυφη συνιστώσα, VbHbR, που χρησιμοποιείται για τη μετατροπή του πλάτους των οριζόντιων εγκαρσίων κυμάτων σε κατακόρυφα επιμήκη κύματα, αξιολογήθηκε για κάθε ένα σταθμό αναφοράς. Καθώς το eHVSR περιέχει, επιπλέον, την κατακόρυφη ενίσχυση, απαιτείται η διόρθωση του VSAF. Για τον σκοπό αυτό προσδιορίστηκε η συνάρτηση διόρθωσης της κατακόρυφης φασματικής ενίσχυσης (VACF) με τη χρήση των HSAF που προέκυψαν από το GIT. Ένας μέσος όρος VACF υπολογίστηκε για τους 152 σταθμούς, αλλά επίσης, ένας μέσος VACF για τις οκτώ κατηγορίες εδαφών με βάση τη θεμελιώδη συχνότητα, f0, και το αντίστοιχο πλάτος, A0, των δεδομένων eHVSR. Τέλος, οι 152 θέσεις των σταθμών επιταχυνσιογράφων κατηγοριοποιήθηκαν σύμφωνα με τις οδηγίες του ισχύοντος EC8 και του 2024 draft EC8. Ενώ η σύγκριση των εκτιμηθέντων HSAF με αυτούς του ερωκώδικα τόσο για το σύνολο των σταθμών όσο και για κάθε κατηγορία εδαφών εμφανίζουν ικανοποιητική συμφωνία, εντοπίστηκαν ορισμένες αποκλίσεις και συζητούνται περιορισμοί που προκύπτουν.

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