Τα κοιτάσματα των Σπανίων Γαιών και η ενεργειακή μετάβαση = The Rare Earth deposits and the energy transition.

Σπυρίδων Νικόλαος Γιαμούκης

Τα κοιτάσματα των Σπανίων Γαιών και η ενεργειακή μετάβαση = The Rare Earth deposits and the energy transition.

Σπυρίδων Νικόλαος Γιαμούκης

Περίληψη

Σε αυτήν τη διπλωματική εργασία εξετάζεται εκτενώς η χρήση των μετάλλων σπάνιων γαιών στις πρόσφατες τεχνολογικές εξελίξεις και τις πηγές ανανεώσιμης ενέργειας. Ο στόχος είναι να παρουσιαστούν αυτά τα "εργαλεία" της τεχνολογίας και να αναδειχθούν οι ξεχωριστές τους ιδιότητες που τα καθιστούν αναπόσπαστα μέρη των περισσότερων τεχνολογιών. Αρχικά, παρουσιάζονται στατιστικά και οικονομικά στοιχεία που αναδεικνύουν την έκταση της αυξανόμενης χρήσης αυτών των σπάνιων μετάλλων. Ταυτόχρονα, γίνεται αναφορά στα σημαντικότερα κοιτάσματα Σπάνιων Γαιών παγκοσμίως αλλά και στον Ελληνικό χώρο. Έπειτα περιγράφονται οι διαδικασίες εξόρυξης και επεξεργασίας των ορυκτών που περιέχουν αυτά τα μέταλλα. Τέλος, δίνεται έμφαση στις εφαρμογές αυτών των στοιχείων σε σύγχρονες και περιβαλλοντικά φιλικές τεχνολογίες για την ενεργειακή αξιοποίηση.

In this thesis, the extensive use of rare earth metals in recent technological advancements and renewable energy sources is thoroughly examined. The goal is to present these technological "metals" and highlight their unique properties that render them integral components of most modern technologies. Initially, statistical and economic data illustrating the extent of the increased utilization of these rare metals is presented. Also, reference is made to the most significant deposits and occurrences of rare earth metals worldwide and in Greece. Following this, the processes involved in the extraction and processing of minerals containing these metals are described. Lastly, emphasis is placed on the applications of these elements in contemporary and environmentally friendly technologies for energy utilization.

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