[Εξώφυλλο]

Using geometric morphometrics on the study of lower first molars of Arvicolinae (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Late Pleistocene deposits of Kalamakia Cave (Laconia) and Klissoura Cave 1 (Argolis) = Χρήση γεωμετρικής μορφομετρίας για τη μελέτη κάτω πρώτων γομφίων Arvicolinae (Mammalia, Rodentia) από τις Άνω-Πλειστοκαινικές αποθέσεις των σπηλαίων Καλαμάκια (Λακωνία) και Κλεισούρα Σπήλαιο 1 (Αργολίδα).

Antypas P. Kleitsas

Περίληψη


The systematic rank and evolutionary trends of arvicolines have been a subject of debate for decades. Arvicolines have often been referred to family rank (Arvicolidae) given their high species variation and adaptive level. Nevertheless, many authors consider them to be of subfamily rank (Arvicolinae), an opinion shared by the author of this thesis as well. Rapid rates of reproduction in extant arvicolines, short lifespan and generation time, highly differentiated and abruptly evolving dentition and clear ecological distinctive features among certain species facilitate the use of members of this group as paleoenvironmental and paleoecological indicators. Additionally, arvicolines can provide various information associated with local biotopic characteristics, types of vegetation at regional or continental scale and climatic conditions. Furthermore, certain arvicoline species can be used as biostratigraphic markers providing the age of fossiliferous assemblages and the surrounding formations. Accurately identifying species in fossil assemblages is an important step in answering questions concerning paleoecology and evolution, but also a very complex and challenging task. In this thesis, a classification model was constructed based on geometric morphometrics of the first lower molars of the five extant arvicoline species of Greece (Microtus felteni, Microtus guentheri, Microtus levis, Microtus subterraneus and Microtus thomasi). Subsequently, specimens from the Klissoura Cave 1 (Argolis, Greece) and Kalamakia Cave (Laconia, Greece) fossil assemblages were added to the constructed data base, in an effort to determine possible differentiations in the shape and size of the molars related with climatic changes in the studied areas and the phylogenetic relationships of fossil species compared to the extant ones.
     
 Η συστηματική ταξινόμηση και οι εξελικτικές τάσεις των μικρωτών αποτελούν θέμα συζήτησης επί σειρά δεκαετιών. Τα τρωκτικά αυτά συχνά κατατάσσονται στο επίπεδο της οικογένειας (Arvicolidae) λόγω της μεγάλης ποικιλίας ειδών και του βαθμού προσαρμογής τους. Πολλοί συγγραφείς τα κατατάσσουν στο βαθμό της υποοικογένειας (Arvicolinae), μια άποψη που αποδέχεται και ο συγγραφέας της παρούσας μεταπτυχιακής διατριβής. Οι ταχείς ρυθμοί αναπαραγωγής, η μικρή διάρκεια ζωής και γενεών, η μεγάλο εύρος ποικιλομορφίας και οι εξελικτικές τάσεις των οδοντικών χαρακτηριστικών, καθώς και πολυάριθμα ιδιαίτερα οικολογικά χαρακτηριστικά, καθιστούν τα τρωκτικά αυτά σημαντικούς παλαιοπεριβαλλοντικούς και παλαιοοικολογικούς δείκτες. Επίσης, τα τρωκτικά αυτά παρέχουν πληθώρα πληροφοριών αναφορικά με χαρακτηριστικά βιοτόπων, τύπους βλάστησης, σε τοπικό ή παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, και κλιματικές συνθήκες. Επιπλέον, συγκεκριμένα απολιθωμένα είδη χρησιμοποιούνται ως βιοστρωματογραφικοί δείκτες, παρέχοντας πληροφορίες για την ηλικία απολιθωματοφόρων θέσεων. Η αναγνώριση των ειδών σε απολιθωματοφόρες συναθροίσεις είναι εξαιρετικά σημαντική για την ερμηνεία των συνθηκών του παλαιοπεριβάλλοντος και των εξελικτικών τάσεων και προσαρμογών. Ωστόσο, είναι μια πολύ περίπλοκη και δύσκολη διαδικασία. Στην παρούσα διατριβή, σχεδιάστηκε ένα μοντέλο ταξινόμησης με βάση στοιχεία γεωμετρικής μορφομετρίας από τους κάτω πρώτους γομφίους των πέντε αρτίγονων ειδών (Microtus felteni, Microtus guentheri, Microtus levis, Microtus subterraneus και Microtus thomasi) που εντοπίζονται αυτή τη στιγμή στην Ελλάδα. Στη συνέχεια, απολιθωμένα δείγματα από τα σπήλαια Καλαμάκια (Λακωνία) και Κλεισούρα 1 (Αργολίδα) εξετάστηκαν με την ίδια μεθοδολογία προκειμένου να διερευνηθούν μεταβολές στο σχήμα και στο μέγεθος των γομφίων, η πιθανή συσχέτιση με τις κλιματικές μεταβολές στην υπό μελέτη περιοχή και οι φυλογενετικές σχέσεις μεταξύ απολιθωμένων και σύγχρονων ειδών.

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