Εξώφυλλο

Ορυκτοχημική μελέτη ορυκτών της ομάδας επιδότου από περιοχές της Βόρειας Ελλάδας = Mineralogical and chemical study of epidote group minerals from Northern Greece.

Σοφία Χαράλαμπος Λαζοπούλου

Περίληψη


Αυτή η διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται την ορυκτοχημική ανάλυση των δειγμάτων μελέτης των ορυκτών ομάδας επιδότου από περιοχές της Βόρειας Ελλάδας, οι οποίες είναι η Ελατιά Δράμας, η Σιθωνία Χαλκιδικής, τα Κιμμέρια Ξάνθης και το Παπίκιο της Ροδόπης. Οι περιοχές της Ελατιάς, των Κιμμερίων και του Παπίκιου εντάσσονται στη ζώνη της Ροδόπης, ενώ η περιοχή της Σιθωνίας συμπεριλαμβάνεται κυρίως στην Σερβομακεδονική μάζα, αλλά και μερικώς στην Περιροδοπική ζώνη. Mαγματικής προέλευσης επίδοτο έχει εντοπιστεί στο γρανοδιορίτης της Ελατιάς, της Σιθωνίας και στο βιοτιτικό γρανοδιορίτη, βιοτιτικό-κεροστιλβικό γρανοδιορίτη και βιοτιτικό-κεροστιλβικό διορίτη του Παπίκιου. Όμως, επίδοτο μεταμορφικής προέλευσης εμφανίζεται στο skarn της περιοχής των Κιμμέριων Ξάνθης και στο γνεύσιο της Ελατιάς Δράμας. Τα δείγματα μελέτης ταξινομήθηκαν, σύμφωνα με τους κανόνες της ονοματολογίας και προέκυψε ότι όλα ανήκουν στην υποομάδα κλινοζοϊσίτη. Όλα τα δείγματα προσδιορίζονται ως επίδοτα και είναι πλούσια σε τρισθενή σίδηρο, εκτός από έξι δείγματα που χαρακτηρίζονται ως κλινοζοϊσίτης στην περιοχή της Σιθωνίας. Το ποσοστό του πιστακίτη στα μαγματικά επίδοτα των περιοχών μελέτης κυμαίνεται από 23,88 % wt ως 28,5 % wt, ενώ στα επίδοτα μεταμορφικής προέλευσης 20,4 % wt ως 30,5 % wt. Το ποσοστό των
οξειδίων τιτανίου στα μαγματικά επίδοτα των δειγμάτων μελέτης κυμαίνεται από 0 ως 0,61 % wt. Διερευνήθηκε η δυνατότητα μεταβολής της χημικής σύστασης των επιδότων και η ενδεχόμενη υποκατάσταση των τρισθενών μελών της ομάδας επιδότου από τα δισθενή μέλη της ομάδας αυτής, στην Μ3 θέση του χημικού τύπου επιδότου. Με την γραμμική συσχέτιση των δειγμάτων μελέτης, προέκυψε ότι ο συντελεστής προσδιορισμού προσεγγίζει τη μονάδα
σε όλα τα διαγράμματα των περιοχών μελέτης. Συνεπώς, ενδέχεται να είναι εφικτή η υποκατάσταση με την ύπαρξη επιπρόσθετων καθοριστικών παραγόντων. Στην εργασία αυτή παρατίθονται η ανάλυση των ορυκτών της ομάδας επιδότου ως προς την μονοκλινή και ρομβική κρυσταλλική δομή των μελών της, τα μέλη που την αποτελούν, τα πετρώματα στα οποία σχηματίζεται και το πεδίο σταθερότητάς της.
Λέξεις κλειδιά: επίδοτο, ορυκτολογία, χημεία

This bachelor thesis is concerned with the chemical and mineralogical study of epidote group minerals in the Northern Greece regions, namely Elatia in Drama, Sithonia in Chalkidiki, Kimmeria in Xanthi and Papikio in Phodope. The above regions belong to the Phodope massif, apart from Sithonia, the greatest part of which is included in the Serbo-Macedonian massif, with a small part belonging to Circum-Rhodope Belt. Magmatic epidote crystals appear in the
granodiorite of Elatia and Sithonia, as well as in the biotite-hornblend granodiorite, biotite granodiorite and biotite-hornblend diorite of Papikio. Yet, epidote of metamorphic origin is formed in the skarn of Kimmeria in Xanthi and gneiss of Elatia in Drama. Τhe samples from the areas of interest were classified using a trangular diagram and were shown to belong to the clinozoisite subgroup, according to the nomenclature of epidote minerals. The samples are
characterized as epidotes and are rich in trivalent iron, except for six sample from Sithonia that were characterized as clinozoisite. The percentage of pistacite in magmatic epidotes fluctuate from 23.88 % wt to 28.5 % wt, as opposed to the percentage of pistacite in epidotes of metamorphic origin, that fluctuate from 20.4 % wt to 30.5 % wt. The percentage of titanite oxides of the samples fluctuate from 0 % wt to 0.61 % wt. The possibility to modify the chemical constitution of the epidote minerals under study and the potential substitution of the trivalent iron for ferrous iron only in M3 site of the chemical formula of the minerals were explored. The coefficient of determination approximates 1 in the sample diagrams, as shown through simple linear correlation. Consequently, the substitution appears to be feasible provided that additional crucial factors co-exist. This bachelor thesis also analyzes the
monoclinic and rhombic structure of epidote mineral group, its members, the rocks in which epidote group minerals are formed and their stability field.
Key words: epidote , mineralogy, chemistry

Πλήρες Κείμενο:

PDF

Αναφορές


Ackermand, D., and P. Raase. "Coexisting zoisite and clinoozoisite in biotite schist from thw Hohe Tauern, Austria." Contrib. Mineral Petrol. 42, 1973: 333-41.

Alvaro, M., R. J. Angel, and F. Camara. "High Pressure behavior of zoisite." American Mineralogist ,Volume 97, 2012: 1165-1176.

Armbruster, T., et al. "Recommended nomenclature of epidote-group minerals." Eur. J. Mineral, 2006: 551-567.

Barr, S. R., S. Temperley, and J. Tarney. "Lateral growth of the continental crust through deep level subduction-accretion: a re-." Lithos, 1999: 69-94.

Bauer, S. R., D. Rubatto, K. Krenn, A. Proyer, and G. Hoinkes. "A zircon study from the Rhodope metamorphic complex, N. Greece: Time record of a multistage evolution." Lithos 99, 2007: 207-228.

Belov, N. V., and I. M. Rumanova. "The crystal structure of epidote Ca2Al2FeSi2O12(OH)." Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 89, 1953: 853-856.

Biagioni, C., et al. "Manganiakasakaite-(La) and Ferriakasakaite-(Ce) ,Two New Epidote Supergroup Minerals from Piedmont,Italy." Minerals, 2019: 353.

Bigazzi, S. G., G. Christofides, A. D. Moro , and C. Kyriakopoulos. "A contribution to the evolution of the Xanthi pluton (northern Greece): The apatite fission track analysis." Boll. Soc. Geol. It.,113, 1994: 243-248.

Bird, D. K., and H. C. Helgeson. "Chemical interaction of aqueous solutions with epidote-feldspar mineral assemblages in geologic systems. I. Thermodynamic analysis of phase relations in the system CaO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-CO2." Am. J. Sci. 280 , 1980: 907-941.

Bird, D., and A. R. Spieler. "Epidote in geothermal systems." Rev Mineral Geochem 56, 2004: 235-300.

Blundy, J., and Wood, B. "Predication of crystal-melt partition coefficients from elastic moduli." Nature, Vol. 372, 1994: 452-454.

Boettcher, A. L. "The System CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O at high pressures and temperatures." J Petrol 89, 1970: 168-183.

Bonazzi, P., and S. Menchetti. "Manganese in monoclinic member of the epidote group: piemontite and related minerals." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2004: 495-552.

Bonazzi, P., S. Menchetti, and A. Palenzona. "Strontiopiemontite, a new member of the epidote group, from Val Graveglia, Liguria, Italy." European Journal of Mineralogy, 1990: 519-523.

Bonev, N., and C. Stampfli. "Comment on 'Geochemistry, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Samothraki mafic suite, NE Greece: Trace element, isotopic and zircon age constraints'' by N. Koglin, D. Kostopoulos and T. Reischmann." Tectonophysics 483, 2009: 413-419.

Bonev, N., and L. Beccaletto. "From syn-to post-orogenic Tertiary extensions in the north Aegean region: constraints on the kinematics in the eastern

Rhodope-Thrace, Bulgaria-Greece and the Biga Peninsula northwest Turkey." In The Geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia., by T. Taymaz, Y. Yilmaz and Y. Dilek, 113-142. London: Geological Society, 2007.

Brun, J.-P., and Sokoutis, D. "Kinematics of the Southern Rhodope Core Complex (North Greece)." Int. J. Sci.(Geol Rundsch),96(6), 2007: 1079-1099.

Brunn, J. H. "Contribution a l'etude geologique du Pinde septentrional et d'une partie de la Macedoine occidentale." Annales Geologiques des Pays Helleniques 7, 1956: 1-358.

Bucher, K., and M. Frey. Petrogenesis of Metamorphic. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1994.

Bucher, K., and R. Grapes. Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

Burg, J. P., L. E. Ricou, Z. Ivanov, I. Godgriaux, D. Dimon, and L. Klain. "Synmetamorphic nappe complex in the rhodope massif.Structure and kinematics." Terra Nov. 86-15, 1996.

Burns, R. G., and R. G. Strens. "Structural interpretation of polarized absorption spectra of the Al-Fe-Mn-Cr-epidotes." Mineral. Mag. 36, 1967: 204-226.

Burt, D. M. "Mineralogy and Petrology of Skarn Deposits." Rendiconti Societa Italiana di Mineralogy e Petrologia, 1977: 859-873.

Cairncross, B. "Connoisseur's Choice: Tanzanite, Gem Variety of Zoisite, Merelani Hills, Simanjiro District, Manyara Region, Tanzania." Rocks & Minerals , Volume 94, Issue 6, Octomber 10, 2019: 530-539.

Cenki-Tok, B., A. Ragu, T. Armbruster, C. Chopin, and O. Medenbach. "New Mn- and rare-earth-rich epidote-group minerals in metacherts manganiandrosite-(Ce) and vanadoandrosite-(Ce)." Eur.J.Mineral, 2006: 569-582.

Christofides, G., A. Koroneos, A. Soldatos, G. Eleftheriadis, and A. Killias. "Eocene Magmatism (Sithonia and Elatia plutons) in the Internal Hellenides and Implications for Eocene-Miocene-Geological Evolution of the Rhodope Massif (Northern Greece)." Acta Vulcanologica, 2001: Vol. 13, 73-89.

Christofides, G., C. D'amico, A. Del Moro, G. Eleutheriadis, and C. Kyriakopoulos. "Rb-Sr geochronology and geochemical characters of the Sithonia plutonic complex (Greece)." European Journal of Mineralogy Volume 2 Number 1, 2 14, 1990: p.79-88.

Christofides, G., et al. "Interplay between geochemistry and magma dynamics during magma interaction : An example from the Sithonia Plutonic Complex (NE Greece)." Lithos 95 , 2007: 243-266.

Christofides, G., L. Papadopoulou, T. Soldatos, and A. Koroneos. "Crystallization conditions of the Xanthi Ploutonic Complex (Rhodope Massif , N. Greece): Geothermometry and Geobaroomentry." Scientific Annals, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Thessaloniki, Greece, 2010. 199-207.

Chukanov, N. V., J. Gottlicher, S. Mocker, Z. Sofer, K. V. Van, and D. I. Belakovskiy. "Askagenite-(Nd), Mn+2NdAl2Fe+3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O2, a new mineral of the epidote supergroup." New Data on Minerals, Vol. 45, 2010: 17-22.

Cornelius, M. L. "Geologische Beobachtungen im Gebiet des Forno-Gletschers (Engadin)." Centralblatt fur Mineral Geol Palaontol 1913, 8, 1915: 246-252.

D'Amico, C., G. Christofides, G. Eleftheriadis, G. Maria B., R.-Ι. Campana, and T. Soldatos. "The Sithonia PΙutonic CompΙex (ChaΙkidiki, Greece)." Miner. Petrogr. Actα, 1990: 143-177.

Dawes, R. L., and B. W. Evans. "Mineralogy and geothermobarometry of magmatic epidote-bearing dikes, front range, Colorado." Geol Soc Am Bull 103, 1991: 1017-1031.

Deer, W. A., R. A. Howie, and J. Zussaman. Epidote group.In: Deer W.A., Howi R.a. , Zussman J. Disilicates and ring silicates.Second edition. London: Longman Scientific and Technical , 1986.

Deer, W. A., R. A. Howie, and J. Zussman. Rock-forming minerals. London: Longmans, 1962.

DeWet, A. P., J. A. Miller, M. J. Bickle, and H. J. Chapman. "Geology and geochronology of the Arnea, Sithonia and Ournoupolis intrusions, Chalkidiki peninsula, Northern Greece." Tectonophysics, 161, 1989: 65-79.

Dimades, E., and S. Zachos. "Geological map of Rhodope 1:200.00." IGME, 1985.

Dimitrijevic, M. D. Geology of Yugoslavia. Belgrade: Geology of Yugoslavia, 1997.

Dinter, D. A. "Late Cenozoic extension of the Alpine collisional orogen, northeastern Greece: Origin of the north Aegean basin." GSA Bull. 110, 1998: 1208-1230.

Dinter, D. A., and L. Royden. "Late Cenozoic extension in northean Greece: Strymon Valley detachment systam and Rhodope metamorphic core complex." Gology, 21, 1993: 45-48.

Dollase, W. A. "Refinement and comparison of the structures of zoisite and clinozoisite." Am. Mineral. 53, 1968: 1882-98.

—. "Crystal structure and cation ordering of piemontite." Americal Mineralogist 54, 1969: 710-717.

—. "Refinement of the crystal structures of epidote , allanite and hancockite." The American Mineralogist,Vol. 56, March-April 1971.

Drakoulis, A. "Petrological and geochemical study of Mt Papikion pluton." Dissertation thesis, Thessaloniki, 2019.

Drakoulis, A., A. Koroneos, T. Soldatos, and L. Papadopoulou. "Mineralogy and chemistry of amphiboles and thermobarometry of Papikion Mt Pluton Rhodope, Northean Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, vol. XLVII 2013. Chania, 2013. 373.

Einaudi, M. T. "General features and origin of skarns associated with porphyry copper plutons." In Advances in geology of porphyry copper deposits, by S.

R. Titley, 185-210. Tucson, Southwestern North America: University of Arizona Press, 1982a.

Einaudi, M. T., and D. M. Burt. "Introduction, terminology, classification, and composition of skarn deposits." Econ Geol 77, 1982: 745-754.

Einaudi, M. T., and L. D. Meinert. "Skarn deposits." Econ Geol, 75th Anniversary volume , n.d.: 317-391.

Eleftheriadis, G., W. Frank, and K. Petrakakis. "Ar/Ar dating and cooling history of the pangeon granitoids, Rhodope massif (Eastern Macedonia,Greece)." Bulletin of Geological Society of Greece , Σεπτέμβριος 2001: 911-916.

Elias-Herrera, M., and F. Ortega-Gutierrez. "Caltepec fault zone: An Early Permian dextral transpressional boundary between the Proterozoic Oaxacan and Paleozoic Acatlan complexes, southern Mexico, and regional tectonic implications." Tectonics 21: 10.1029/2000TC001278, 2002.

Ellis, D. J., and A. B. Thompson. "Subsolidus and partial melting reactions in the quartz excess CaO+MgO+Al2O3+SiO2+H2O system under water-excess and water-deficient conditions to 10 kbar: some implications for the origin of peraluminous melts from mafic rocks." J Petrol 27, 1986: 91-121.

Enami, M., and S. Banno. "Zoisite-clinozoisite relations in low-to medium-grade high-pressure metamorphic rocks and their implications." Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 43, 1980: 1005-1013.

Enami, M., J. G. Liou, and C. G. Mattinson. "Epidote minerals in high P/T metamorphic terranes: Subduction zone and high-to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism." Rev Mineral Geochem 56, 2004: 347-398.

Evans , B. W., and J. A. Vance. "Epidote phenocrysts in dacitic dikes , Boulder Country, Colorado." 1987: 178-185.

Fehr, K. T., and S. Heuss-Aβbicher. "Intracrystalline equilibria and immiscibility gap along the join clinozoisite-epidote: An experimental and 57Fe Mossbauer study." N. Jb. Mineral Abh 172, 1997: 43-67.

Fesenko, E. G., I. M. Rumanova , and N. V. Belov. "The crystal structure of zoisite ." Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences 102, 1955: 275-278.

Fesenko, E. G., I. M. Rumanova, and N. V. Belov. "Crystal structure of zoisite ." Kristallografiya SSSR, 1956: 132-151.

Franz, G., and J. Selverstone. "An empirical phase diagram for the clinozoisite-zoisite transformation in the systam Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH)-Ca2Al3Fe+3Si3O12(OH)." Am Mineral 77, 1992: 631-642.

Franz, G., E. A. Smelik, and P. Dulski. "Zoisite-clinozoisite bearing pegmatites and their importance for decompressional meltinh in eclogites." Eur J Mineral 7, 1995: 1421-1436.

Frei, D., A. Liebscher, A. Wittenberg, and C. S.J. Shaw. "Crystal chemical controls on rare earth element partitioning between epidote-group minerals and melts:an experimental and theoretical study." Contrib Mineral Petrol 146, 2003: 192-204.

Georgiadis, I. K., E. Tzamos, N. Kantiranis, L. Papadopoulou, A. Tsirambidis, and A. Filippidis. "On the mineralogy of the wollastonite from Xanthi-

Kimmeria (Thrace, Greece), Soldatos Special Vol." Aristotle Univ. Thessaloniki, 101, 2012: 17-21.

Ghent, E. D. "Tremolite and H2O activity attending metamorphism of hornblende-plagioclase-gernet assemblages." Contrib Mineral Petrol 98 , 1988: 163-168.

Giere, G., and S. S. Sorensen. "Allanite and other REE-rich epidote-group minerals." Rev Mineral Geochem 56, 2004: 431-494.

Giuli, G., P. Bonazzi, and S. Menchetti. "Al-Fe disorder in synthetic epidotes: a single-crystal diffraction study." American Minerlogist, 1999: 933-936.

Gocev, P. "The place of Strandza in the Alphine structure of the Balkan Paninsula." Rev. Bul. Geol. Soc. 40, n.d.: 27-46.

Goldschmidt, V. M. "Die Kontaktmetamorphose im Kristianagebiet." Mat.-Naturv. Kl, no1, 1911: 483.

Gottardi, G. "Dati ed osservazioni sulla struttura dell'epidoto ." Period Mineral, 1954: 245-250.

Grapes, R. H., and P.W. O. Hoskin. "Epidote group minerals in low-medium pressure metamorphic terranes ." Rev Mineral Geochem 56, 2004: 301-345.

Gromet, P. L., and L. T. Silver. "The genesis of basaltic magmas." Contib Mineral Petrol 15 , 1983: 103-190.

Harris, C., N. Hlongwane, N. Gule, and R. Scheepers. "Origin of tanzanite and associated gemstone mineralization at Merelani, Tanzania." South Africa Journal of Geology 117, 2014: 15-30.

Hauy, R. F. Traite' de Mineralogie. 1822.

Haüy, R. J. "Epidote." Traite' de Mineralogie, 1801: 102-133.

Hickmott, D. D., S. S. Sorensen, and P. S.Z. Rogers. "Metasomatism in a subducton complex: Constraints from microanalysis of trance elements in minerals from garnet amphibolite from the Catalina Schists." Geology 20, 1992: 347-350.

Himmerkus, F., B. Anders, T. Reischmann, and D. Kostopoulos. "Godwana-derived terrranes in the northern Hellenides." Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 200, 2007: 379-390.

Himmerkus, F., T. Reischmann, and D. Kostopoulos. "Late Proterozoic and Silurian basement units within the Serbo-Macedonian Massif, northern Greece:

The significance of terrane accretion in the Hellenides." Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ.,260, 2006: 35-50.

—. "Serbo-Macedonian revisited: A Silurian basement terrane from northern Godwana in the Internal Hellenides, Greece." Tectonophysics, 473(1-2), 2009: 20-35.

Holdaway, M. J. "Thermal stability of Al-Fe epidote as a fuction of fCO2 and Fe content." Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 37 , 1972: 307-40.

Howie, R. A. Minerals. London: Elsevier, 2005.

Ito, T. "X-ray studies on polymorphism." chapter 5. Tokyo: Maruzen Co, 1950.

Ito, T., N. Morimoto, and R. Sadanga. "On the structure of Epidote." Acta Chrystallographica, 1954: 53-59.

Ivanov , Z. "Position tectonique, structurale, geologique et evolution alpidique du Massif du Rhodope-Reunion extaord." Soc. Geol. Fr Bulg Guide, 1985: pp 1-31.

Jacobshagen, V. Geologie von Griechenland. Berlin-Stuttgart: Gebruder Borntraeger, 1986.

Jahn-Awe, S., D. Pleuger, D. Frei, N. Georgiev, N. Froitzheim, and T. J. Nagel. "Time constraints for low-angle shear zones in the Central Rhodope

(Bulgaria) and their significance for the exhumation of high-pressure rocks." Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol Rundsch), 101(7), 2012: 1971-2004.

Javier-Ccallata, Henry, and Watanabe, Shigueo. "Crystal field effect on EPR and optical absorption properties of natural green zoisite." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013: 505-511.

Johannes , W. "Constraints on the origin of Archean trondhjemites based on phase relationship of Nuk gneiss with H2O at 15 kbar." Contrib Mineral Petrol 100, 1980: 35-46.

Johnson , M. C., and M. J. Rutherford. "Experimental calibration of the aluminium-inhornblende geobarometer with application to Long Valley caldera(California) volcanic rocks." Geology 17, 1989: 837-841.

Kaiser-Rohrmeier, M. A., et al. "Post-orogenic extension and hydrothermal ore formation: High-precision geochronology of the central rhodopian metamorphic core complex (Bulgaria-Greece)." Econ. Geol, 108, 2013: 681-718.

Kartashov, P. M., G. Ferraris, G. Ivaldi, E. Sokolova, and C. A. McCammon. "Ferriallanite-(Ce), CaCeFe+3AlFe+3[SiO4][Si2O7]O(OH), a new member of the epidote group: Description, X-ray and Mossbauer study." Can. Mineral., 40, 2002: 16421-1648.

Katirtzoglou, C. "Geology and mineralization of the area arround Xylagani, Thace,NE Greece." Final Report to the EEC, 1986: Contract MSN-133 GR.

Kauffmann, G., F. Kockel, and H. Mollat. "Notes on the stratigraphic and paleogeographic position of the Svoula Formation in the Innermost Zone of the Hellenides(Northern Greece)." Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 7(2), 1976: 225-230.

Kilias, A., and D. Mountrakis. "Kinematics of the the crystalline sequence in the western Rhodope massif." Geologica Rhodopica,2, 1990: 100-116.

Kilias, A., G. Falalakis, and D. Mountrakis . "Cretaceous-Tertiary structures and kinematics of the Serbomacedonian metamorphic rocks and their relation to the exhumation of the Hellenic hinterland (Macedonia, Greece)." Int. J. Earth Sci. (Geol. Rundsch), 88(3), 1999: 513-531.

Kilias, A., G. Falalakis, and D. Mountrakis. "Alpine tectonometamorphic history of the Serbomacedonian metamorphic rocks: implication for the tertiary unroofing of the Serbomacedonian-Rhodope metamorphic complexes (Makedonia, Greee)." Mineral Wealth, 105, 1997: 32-50.

Kober, L. "Das alphine Europa und sein Rahmen.Ein geologisches Gestaltungsbild,Berlin, Borntraeger." 1931: pp. 310.

Kockel, F., H. Mollat, and H. W. Walther. Erlauterungen zur Geologische Karte der Chalkidiki und Angrenzender Gebiete, vol. 119. Hannover: Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenscaften und Rohstoffe, 1977.

—. "Geologie des Serbo-Macedonischen Massivs und seines mesozoischen Rahmens (Nordgriechenland)." Geologisches Jahrbuch 89, 1971: 529-551.

Kokkinakis, A. "Orthit in magmatischen Gesteine des Symvolon-Gebirges und des Kavala-Gebietes (Nordgriechenland)." N. Jb Min. Abh. 138, 1980: 31-38.

Kolitsch, U., S. J. Mills, R. Miyawaki, and G. Blass. "Feriallanite-(La) , anew member of the epidote supergroup from the Eifel, Germany." Eur.J.Mineral, March 2012: 741-747.

Kostopoulos, D., T. Reischmann, and S. Sklavounos. "Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic magmatism and metamorphism in the Serbo-Macedonian Massif, Central Macedonia, North Greece." EUG XI, Journal of Conference Abstracts, 6, 2001: p. 318.

Kounov, A., et al. "Evidence for a Cadomian ophiolite and magmatic-ARC COMPLEX IN SW Boulgaria." Precambrian Res., 2012: 212-213, 275-295.

Krohe, A., and E. Mposkos. "Multiple generations of extensional detachments in the Rhodope Mountain (northern Greece): evidence of episodic exhummation of high-pressure rocks, in :Blundell D.J., Neubauer F. and Von Quadt A. (eds)." In The timing and location of major ore deposits in an evolving orogen., 151-178. London: Geological Society, Special Publication 204, 2002.

Kydonakis, K., K. Gallagher, J.-P Brun, M. Jolivet, F. Gueydan, and D. Kostopoulos. "Upper Cretaceous exhumation of the western Rhodope Metamorphic Province (Chalkidiki Peninsula, northern Greece)." AGUPubLICATION, 2014.

Lakshmi R., S., et al. "Electron paramagnetic resonance , NIR studies on zoisite, clinozoisite and chrom-zoisite minerals." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2011: 1240-1244.

Leterrier, J. Etude petrographique et geochimique du massif granitique de Querigut (Ariege). These docteur es-sciences naturelles. France: Universite de Nancy, 1972.

Liati, A. Regional metamorphism and overprinting contact metamorphism of the Rhodope zone, near Xanthi, N. Greece: petrology, geochemistry, geochronology. Diss, Germany: Tech Univ Braunschweig, 1986.

Liati, A., and D. Gebauer. "Constraining the prograde and retrograde P-T-t path of Eocene Hp rocks by Shrimp dating of different zircon domains: inferred rates of heating, burial, cooling and exumation for central Rhodope, northern Greece." Contrib Mineral Petrol 135, 1999: 340-354.

Liati, A., and E. Seidel. "Metamorphic evolution and geochemistry of kyanite eclogites in central Rhodope, northern Greece." Contrib. Mineral. Petrol, 123(3), 1996: 293-307.

Liebscher, A., and G. Franz. Epidotes. Washington: Jodi J. Rosso,Mineralogical Society of America , 2004.

Lilov, P., I. Zagorcev, and I. Peeva. "Rubidium-strontium isochron data on the edge of the metamorphism of the ograzdenian Complex, Malesevska Mountain." Geol. Balc. 13(2), 1983: 31-40.

Marakis, G. "Geochronology of granites from Macedonia (Greece) ." Ann. Geol. des Pays Helleniques, 21, 1969: 121-152.

Meinert, L. D., J. W. Hedenquist, H. Satoh, and Y. Matsuhisa. "Formation of anhydrous and hydrous skarn in Cu-Au ore deposits by magmatic fluids." Econ Geol Bull Soc Econ Geol 98, 2003: 47-156.

Meinhold, G., and D. K. Kostopoulos. "The Circum-Rhodope Belt, northern Greece: Age, provenance, and tectonic setting." Tectonophysics, April 2013: 55-68.

Miyajima, H., S. Matsubara, R. Miyawaki, and K. Hirokawa. "Niigataite, CaSrAl3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH): Sr-analogue of clinozoisite, a new member of the epidote group from the Itoigawa-Ohmi district, Niigata Prefecture, central Japan." Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Science, 2003.

Moench, R. H. "Comment on ''Implications of magmatic epidote-bearing plutons on crystal evolution in the accreted terranes of northwestern North America''and ''Magmatic epidote and its petrologic significance''." Geology 14, 1986: 187-188.

Mokhtari, A. A. M., H. Kouhestani, and K. Gholizadeh. "Mineral chemistry and formation conditions of calc-silicate minerals of Qozlou Fe skarn deposit , Zanjan Province,NW Iran." Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2019: 12:658.

Moorbath, S., and I. Zagorcev. "Rubidium-strontium isotopic data on the age of the first granitoid commplex (Smilovene and Hisar plutons) in Sastinska Sredna Gora." Geol Balc 13(3), 1983: 3-14.

Mouchos, E., L. Papadopoulou , J. B. Williamson, and G. Christofides. "Marialitic Scapolite occurence from the Kimmeria- Lefkopetra Metamorphic contact, Xanthi (N. Greece) ." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, May 2016: 25-27.

Mposkos, E. "Cretaceous and tertiary tectonometamorphic events in Rhodope zone (Greece). Petrological and geochronological evidences." Bull Geol Soc Greece, 32(3), 1998: 59-67.

Mposkos, E., A. Liati, C. Katagas, and N. Arvanitides. "Petrology of the metamorphic rocks of western Rhodope, Drama area, N. Greece." In Geologica Rhodopica 2, by K. Soldatos and (Ed.), 127-142. Proc 2nd Hell.-Burg. Symp., Thesssaloniki 1989: Aristotle Univ. Press. Thessaloniki, Greece, 1990.

Nagasaki, A., and E. Masaki. "Sr-bearing zoisite and epidote in ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks from the Su-Lu province , easter China: An important Sr reservoir under UHP conditions." American Mineralogist, Volume 83, 1998: 240-247.

Nagashima, M., T. Armbruster, M. Akasaka, and T. Minakawa. "Crystal chemistry of Mn- Sr-rich and REE-bearing piemontite from the Kamisugai mine in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt , Shikoku,Japan." Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Science, Volume 105, 2010: 142-150.

Naney, M. T. "Phase equilibria of rock-forming ferromagnesian silicates in granitic systems." Am J Sci 283, 1983: 993-1033.

Nedelec, A., D. Minyem, and P. Barbey. "High-P-high-T anatexis of archen tonalitic gray gneisses-the Eseka migmatites, Cameroon." Precambrian Res 62, 1993: 191-205.

Nesbitt, R. W., et al. The Geological Setting of Base Metal Mineralisation in the Rhodope Region,. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag , 1988.

Nichollis, I. A., and A. E. Ringwood. "Effect of water on olivine stability in tholeites and the prouction of silica-saturated magmas in the island-arc environment." J Geoll 81, 1973: 285-300.

Nicollet, C., A. Leyreloup, and C. Dupuy. "Petrogenesis of high pressure trondhjemitic layers in eclogites and amphibilites from Southern Massif Central France." In Trondhjemites, dacites, and the related rocks.Developments in Petrology.Vol.6, by Bakee F., 435-463. Amsterdam Oxford New York: Elsevier, 1979.

Okrusch, M., and H. E. Frimmel. Mineralogy, an introduction to Minerals,Rocks, and Mineral Deposits. Berlin,Germany: Springer, 2020.

Pandit, D., M. K. Panigrahi, and T. Moriyama. "Constrains from magmatic and hydrothermal epidotes oncrystallization of granitic magma and sulfide

mineralization inPaleoproterozoic Malanjkhand Granitoid, Central India,Dinesh." Chemie der Erde, 2014: 715-733.

Papadopoulos, A., G. Christofides, G. Pe-Piper, A. Koroneos, and L. Papadopoulou. "Geochemistry of beach sands from Sithonia Peninsula (Chalkidiki, Northern Greece)." Miner Petrol, 2015: 53–66.

Papadopoulos, C., and A. Kilias. "Altersbeziehungen zwischen metamorphose und deformation in zentralen Teil des Serbomazedonischen Massivs (Vertriskos Gebirge, Nord-Griechenland)." Geol. Rundsch. , 74(1), 1985: 77-85.

Papanikolaou, D. "Timing of tectonic emplacement of the ophiolites and terrane paleogeography in the Hellenides." Lithos, 108, 2009: 262-280.

Papanikolaou, D., and A. Panagopoulos. "On the structural style of the Southern Rhodope, Greece." Geol. Balc., Sofia, 11(3), 1981: 13-22.

Pattnaik, S. K. "Petrology of the Bhela-Rajna alkaline complex, Nuapara District, Orissa." J Geol Soc India 48, 1996: 27-40.

Peacor, D. R., and P. J. Dunn. "Dollaseite-(Ce) (magnesium orthite redefined):Structure refinement and implications for F+Mn substitutions in epidote-group minerals." American Mineralogist ,Volume 73, 1988: 838-842.

Perugini, D., G. Poli, G. Christofides, G. Eleftheriadis, A. Koroneoos, and T. Soldatos. "Mantle-derived and crustal melts dishotomy in northern Greece: spatiotemporal and geodynamic implications." Geological Journal, 39, 2004: 63-80.

Perugini, D., G. Poli, G. Christofides, G. Eleftheriadis, and A. Koroneos. "Magma mixing in the Sithonia Complex, Greece: evidence from mafic microgranular enclaves." Mineralogy and Petrology 78, 2003: 173-200.

Pipera, K., A. Koroneos, T. Soldatos, Z. Pecskay, and G. Christofides. "K/Ar mineral geochronology of the northern part of the Sithonia Plutonic Complex (Chalkidiki, Greece): implications for its thermal history and geodynamic interpretation." Geologica Carpathica, April 2013: 133-140.

Pirajno, F. Hydrothermal processes and mineral systams. Berlin: Springer, 2009.

Poli , S., and M. W. Schmidt. "The high-pressure stability of zoisite and phase relationships of zoisite-bearing assamblages." Contrib Mineral Petrol, 1998: 162-175.

Poli, S., and M. W. Schmidt. "H2O transport and release in subduction zones: experimental constraints on basaltic and andesitic zones." J Geophys Res 100, 1995: 22299-22314.

Powell, R., and T. Holland. "Optimal geothermometry and geobarometry." Am Mineral 79, 1994: 120-133.

Puziewicz, J., and J. Koepke. "Partial melting of garnet-hornblend granofels and the crystallisation of ingenous epidote in the Niedzwiedz Amphibolite Massif (Fore-Sudetic Block, SW Poland)." Neues Jb Miner Monat 12, 2001: 529-547.

Raith, M. "The Al-Fe(3) epidote miscibility gab in a metamorphic profile through the Pennic series of the Tauern Window, Austria." Contrib. Mineral Petrol. 57, 1976: 99-117.

Rice, J. M., and J. M. Ferry. "Buffering, infiltration, and the control of intensive variables during metamorphism." In Characterization of metamorphism through mineral equilibria (Reviews in mineralogy, vol1), by J. M. Ferry, 263-326. Washington D.C.: Mineral Soc AM, 1982.

Ricou, L.-E., J.-P. Burg, I. Godfriaux, and Z. Ivanov. "Rhodope and Vardar: The metamorphic and the olistostromic paired belts related to the Cretaceous subduction under Europe." Geodinamica Acta, 11(6), 1998: 285-309.

Roberts, M. P., and J. D. Clemens. "Low pressure stability of magmatic epidote in granitoid plutons: Field and experimental evidence." 4th Ann. Thematic and research in progress meeting. V.S.G. Univ. of Liverpool, 1994.

Robertson, A.H. F., and J. E. Dixon. "Introduction: aspects of the geological evolutiom of the Eastern Mediterranean." In Tectonic evolution of the Eastern Mediterraanean., by A.H. F. Robertson and J. Dixon, 1-74. London: Geological Society (Special publication), 1984.

Rumanova, I. M., and T. V. Nickolaeva. "Crystal structure of orthite." Soviet Phys-Chrystallography, 1960: 789-795.

Sakellariou, D. The geology of the Serbomacedonian massif in the northeastern Chalkidiki peninsula, North Greece. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Mainz, 177 pp., 1989.

Sapountzis, E., K. Soldatos, G. Eleutheriades, and G. Christofides. "Contribution to the study of the Sithonia Plutonic Complex (N. Greece)." Ann. Geol. Pays Hellen. 28, 1976: 99-134.

Schliestedt, M., and W. Johannes. "Melting and subsolidus reactions in the system K2O-CaOAl2O3-SiO2-H2O: corrections and additional experimental data." Contrib Mineral Petrol 88, 1984: 403-405.

Schmidt, M. W., and A. B. Thompson. "Epidote in calc-alkaline magmas: An experimental study of stability, phase relationships, and the role of epidote in magmatic evolution." American Mineralogist, Volume 81, 1996: 462-474.

Schmidt, M. W., and S. Poli. "The stability of lowsonite and zoisite at high pressures: experiments in CASH to 92 kbar and implications for the pressure of hydrous phases in subducted lithosphere." Earth Planet Sci Lett 124, 1994: 105-118.

—. "Magmatic Epidote." Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry, Vol.56, 2004: 399-430.

Shabynin, L. I. Formatsiya magnezial'nykh skarnov. Moscow: Nauka Press, 1973.

—. Rudnye mestorozhdenia i formatsii magnezial'nykh skarnov. Moscow: Nedra Press, 1974.

Sial, A. N. "Contrasting Metaluminous Magmatic Epidote-Bearing Granitic Suits from two Precambrian Foldbelts in Northeast Brazil*." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, January 1993: 65.

Sial, A. N., A. J. Toselli, J. Saavedra, M. A. Parada, and V. P. Ferreira. "Emplacement, petrological and magnetic susceptibility characteristics of diverse magmatic epidote-bearing granitoid rocks in Brazil, Argentina and Chile." Lithos 46, 1999: 3667-392.

Skarpelis, N., and A. Liati. "Wollastonite and associated copper mineralization in the contact metamorphic aureole for Kimmeria, Xanthi, N. gREECE." Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece, 25/2, 1991: 369-377.

Soldatos, T., A. Koroneos, A. Del Moro, and G. Christofides. "Evolution of the Elatia Plutonite (Hellenic Rhodope Massif, N. Greece)." Chemie der Erde 61 , 2001: 92-116.

Šoster, A., et al. "Geochemistry of Bashibos-Bajrambos metasedimentary unit, Serbo-Macedonian massif, North Macedonia: Implications for age, provenance and tectonic setting." Geochemistry 80(4), 2020.

Strens, R.G. J. "Stability and relations of the AI-Fe epidotes." California, 1965.

Thompson, A. B., and D. J. Ellis. "Cao+MgO+Al2O3+SiO2+H2O to 35 kbar : amphibole, talc, and zoisite dehydration and melting reactions in the silica-excess part of the system and their possible significance in subduction zones, amphibolite melting, and magma fractionation." Am J Sci 294, 1994: 1229-1289.

Thomson, T. "Experiments on allanite, a new mineral from Greenland. ." R. Soc Edinburgh Trans 8, 1810: 371-386.

Tranos, M. D., A. A. Kilias, and M. D. Mountrakis. "Emplacement and deformation of the Sithonia granitoid pluton (Macedonia, Greece)." Bulletin of Geological Society of Greece, 28, 1993: 195-211.

Trealor, P. J. "Chromian muscovites and epidotes from Outukumpu,Finland." Minal Mag 51, 1987a: 593-599.

Treloar, P. J. "The Cr-minerals of Outukumpu-their chemistry and significance." J Petrol 28, 1987b: 867-886.

Tröger, W. E. Optische Bestimmung der Gesteinsbildenen Minerale, Teil 2. Textband. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbarth'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1967.

Tulloch, A. J. "Secondary Ca-Al Silicates as Low-Grade Alteration Products of Granitoid Biotite." Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 69, 1979: 105-117.

Ueda, T. "The crystal structure of allanite, OH(Ca,Ce)2(Fe3+Fe2+)Al2OSi2O7SiO4." Mem Coll Sci Univ Kyotot B12, 1995: 145-163.

Varlamov, D. A., V. N. Ermolaeva, N. V. Chukanov, S. Jancev, M. F. Vigasina, and P. Yu. Plechov. "New Data on Epidote-Supergroup Minerals: Unusual Chemical Compositions, Typochemistry, and Raman Spectroscopy." Geology of Ore Deposits,Vol 61, 2019: 827-842.

Vlach Silvio, R. F. "Micro-structural and compositional variations of hydrothermal epidote-group." Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 2012:

-425.

Von Braun, E. "The Rhodope question viewed from eastern Greece." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 144, 1993: 406-418.

Voudouris, P., A. Xinou, C. Kanellopoulos, M. Kati, C. Mavrogonatos, and P. Lyberopoulos. "A new occurrence of pyrophanite from the amphibolite-hosted skarn in Western Kimmeria, Xanthi, Northern Greece." 13th International Congress of the Geological Society of Greece. Chania: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2013.

Vyhnal, C. R., H. Y. McSween, and J. A. Speer. "Hornblende chemistry in southern Appalachian granitoids: implications for aluminium hornblende thermobarometry and magmatic epidote stability. ." Am Mineral 76, 1991: 176-188.

Winkler, H. G. F. Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1915.

Winter, J. D. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Wise, M. A. "The petrologic significance of epidote in granitic pegmatites." The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 57, 2019: 817-819.

Zen, E. "Tectonic significance of high-pressure plutonic rocks in the western cordillera of North America." In Metamorphism and Crustal Evolution of the

Western United States, by W. G. Ernst, 41-67. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1988.

Zen, E., and J. M. Hammarstrom. "Reply on comments on''Implications of magmatic epidote-bearing plutons on crystal evolution in the accreted terranes of northwestern North America''and''Magmatic epidote and its petrological significance''by AJ Tulloch and RH Moench." Geology 12, 1986: 512-518.

Zen, E-an, and J. M. Hammarstrom. "Magmatic epidote and its petrologic significance." Geology 12, 1984: 515-518.

Zhu, C., and D. A. Sverjensky. "Partitioning of F-Cl-OH between minerals and hydrothermal fluids." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 1991: 1837-1858.

Δημητριάδης, Σ. Εισαγωγή στην πετρολογία των μεταμορφωμένων πετρωμάτων. Θεσσαλονίκη: Εκδόσεις Γιαχουδή, 1988.

Θεωδωρίκας, Σ. Σ. Ορυκτολογία-Πετρολογία. Θεσσαλονίκη: Γραφικές Τέχνες ''Μέλισσα'', 2013.

Θεωδωρίκας, Σ.Σ. Γεωχημεία. Θεσσαλονίκη: Γραφικές Τέχνες ''Μέλισσα'', 2014.

Κεραμιδάς, Κ., Γ. Βουτσάς, Γ. Χριστοφίδης, and Γ Ελευθεριάδη. "Μαγματικό επίδοτο από τον πλουτωνίτη της Σιθωνίας (Χαλκιδική): Σύγκριτική Γεωχημεία και κρυσταλλική δομή." 2ο Συνέδριο της Επιτροπής Οικονομικής Γεωλογίας Ορυκτολογίας & Γεωχημείας. Θεσσαλονίκη, 2005. 153-161.

Μουντράκης, Δ. Γεωλογία και Γεωτεκτονική Εξέλιξη της Ελλάδας. Θεσσαλονίκη: University studio press, 2010.

Σαπουντζής, Η. Σ., and Γ. Θ. Χριστοφίδης. Ορυκτοδιαγνωστική. Θεσσαλονίκη: University Studio Press, 1985.

Σολδάτος, Τ. Πετρολογία και γεωχημεία του πλουτωνίτη της Ελατιάς (Κεντρική Ροδόπη). Διδακτορική Διατριβή. Θεσσαλονίκη: Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης, Επιστημονική Επετηρίδα της Σχολής Θετικών Επιστημών Α.Π.Θ, 1985.

Χριστοφίδης, Γ. Θ. Συμβολή εις την μελέτη των πλουτωνίων πετρωμάτων της περιοχής Ξάνθης. Διδακτορική Διατριβή, Αριστοτέλειο Πνεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης, 1977.

Χριστοφίδης, Γ., and Τ. Σολδάτος. Οπτική Ορυκτολογία. Γιαχούδη, 2012.

ΗΛΕΚΡΟΝΙΚΕΣ ΠΗΓΕΣ

mindat.org


Εισερχόμενη Αναφορά

  • Δεν υπάρχουν προς το παρόν εισερχόμενες αναφορές.