Natural Gas Networks in Greece: The present and the prospects of the future = Τα Δίκτυα Φυσικού Αερίου στην Ελλάδα: Το παρόν και οι προοπτικές του μέλλοντος.

Dimitrios Konstantinos Gidaris

Natural Gas Networks in Greece: The present and the prospects of the future = Τα Δίκτυα Φυσικού Αερίου στην Ελλάδα: Το παρόν και οι προοπτικές του μέλλοντος.

Dimitrios Konstantinos Gidaris

Περίληψη

The aim of the present thesis was the description of the natural gas networks in Greece. Reference was made to the historical route of natural gas starting from the 9th BC in China and 17th century in England, the origin and use of natural gas, its reserves as well as a comprehensive description of its basic characteristics and properties. The national legislative, regulatory and development framework for the transmission and distribution of natural gas in Greece was presented and reference was made to the Regulatory Authority for Energy (RAE), the National Gas Transmission System Operator (DESFA) the Public Gas Corporation (DEPA) and the National Natural Gas System (ESFA). Both the existing infrastructure and future gas projects, new pipelines, independent systems and the projects of common interest were also described. A detailed description of the Trans Adriatic Pipeline, the Greece-Bulgaria Interconnector (IGB), the Eastern Mediterranean Pipeline (EastMed) and the Greece-Italy POSEIDON Interconnector Pipeline was made. Furthermore, special reference was made to the development program of EDA THESS, presenting in detail the network expansion plan in various areas of its area of responsibility during the period 2021-2025. In addition, reference was made to Liquefied Natural Gas with a listing of the respective Terminals both in operation in Revithousa and the upcoming one in Alexandroupolis as well as the Independent natural gas system "Dioriga Gas" and the role of these Terminals in the energy security of the European market was analyzed. Finally, the latest developments in the treatment of natural gas by mixing hydrogen or biomethane in the natural gas networks to a new improved and more environmentally friendly form of natural gas were pointed out, an innovation whose implementation will be an additional measure of transition in a low carbon economy. Low-carbon gas technologies could play a major role in the low-carbon transition.

Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η περιγραφή των δικτύων φυσικού αερίου στην Ελλάδα. Έγινε αναφορά στην ιστορική διαδρομή του φυσικού αερίου, η οποία ξεκινά από τον 9ο π.Χ. στην Κίνα και τον 17ο αιώνα στην Αγγλία, στην προέλευση και τη χρήση του, στα αποθέματά του καθώς και στα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά και τις ιδιότητές του. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάστηκε το εθνικό νομοθετικό, ρυθμιστικό και αναπτυξιακό πλαίσιο για τη μεταφορά και διανομή φυσικού αερίου στην Ελλάδα και έγινε αναφορά στη Ρυθμιστική Αρχή Ενέργειας (ΡΑΕ), στον Διαχειριστή του Εθνικού Συστήματος Μεταφοράς Αερίου (ΔΕΣΦΑ), στη Δημόσια Επιχείρηση Αερίου (ΔΕΠΑ) και στο Εθνικό Σύστημα Φυσικού Αερίου (ΕΣΦΑ). Επίσης, περιγράφηκαν τόσο οι υφιστάμενες υποδομές όσο και τα μελλοντικά έργα φυσικού αερίου, οι νέοι αγωγοί, τα ανεξάρτητα συστημάτα και τα έργα κοινού ενδιαφέροντος. Πραγματοποιήθηκε αναλυτική περιγραφή του αγωγού Trans Adriatic Pipeline, του Διασυνδετικού Αγωγού Ελλάδας-Βουλγαρίας (IGB), του Αγωγού Ανατολικής Μεσογείου (EastMed) και του Διασυνδετικού Αγωγού Ελλάδας-Ιταλίας POSEIDON. Ακόμη, έγινε ειδική αναφορά στο αναπτυξιακό πρόγραμμα της ΕΔΑ ΘΕΣΣ, παρουσιάζοντας αναλυτικά το σχέδιο επέκτασης του δικτύου σε διάφορους τομείς της αρμοδιότητάς της κατά την περίοδο 2021-2025. Επιπλέον, έγινε αναφορά στο Υγροποιημένο Φυσικό Αέριο με την καταγραφή των αντίστοιχων τερματικών σταθμών τόσο σε λειτουργία στη Ρεβυθούσα όσο και του επερχόμενου στην Αλεξανδρούπολη, καθώς και του ανεξάρτητου συστήματος φυσικού αερίου «Dioriga Gas» και αναλύθηκε ο ρόλος αυτών των Τερματικών στην ενεργειακή ασφάλεια της ευρωπαϊκής αγοράς. Τέλος, επισημάνθηκαν οι τελευταίες εξελίξεις στην επεξεργασία του φυσικού αερίου με ανάμειξη υδρογόνου ή βιομεθανίου στα δίκτυα φυσικού αερίου, σε μια νέα βελτιωμένη και πιο φιλική προς το περιβάλλον μορφή φυσικού αερίου, μια καινοτομία της οποίας η εφαρμογή θα είναι ένα πρόσθετο μέτρο μετάβασης σε μια οικονομία χαμηλών εκπομπών άνθρακα. Οι τεχνολογίες αερίων χαμηλών εκπομπών άνθρακα θα μπορούσαν να διαδραματίσουν σημαντικό ρόλο στη μετάβαση σε χαμηλές εκπομπές άνθρακα.

Πλήρες Κείμενο:

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