Εξώφυλλο

Contribution to the better understanding of physical processes associated with microseismicity = Συμβολή στην κατανόηση των φυσικών διαδικασιών της μικροσεισμικότητας.

Anna Stavros Sidiropoulou

Περίληψη


On 2013 August 7, an M=5.4 earthquake struck the area near the town of Amfikleia in central Greece and an earthquake sequence was initiated. The mainshock caused severe damage to buildings of the nearby villages. The study area is part of the back arc region of the Hellenic arc and is located between three morphotectonic regions, the Kalidromon mountain, the Lokris basin and the Voiotikos Kifissos basin. The area is seismically active and is characterized by normal faulting and extension. The seismic activity was recorded during a time interval of almost one year from the mainshock and 1080 aftershocks were detected. The seismic sequence is characterized by clustering which is probably attributed to the activation of adjacent fault segments. The spatiotemporal evolution showed an eastward activation pattern of fault segments. Forty-one days after the mainshock the seismicity migrated towards the east and the largest aftershock occurred (M=5.3). The aftershock activity is concentrated into four clusters. The first and the third clusters comprise the mainshock (M=5.4) and the largest aftershock of the sequence (M=5.3), whilst the other two clusters include lower-magnitude aftershocks. Temporal variations in the b-value showed that the occurrence of M ≥ 4.0 aftershocks corresponds to the lowest values of the b parameter. Fault plane solutions for 62 earthquakes with magnitudes M>2.5 were determined using P-wave first motion polarities. The solutions exhibited normal faulting and were used along with the aftershock hypocenters in cross sections. The cross sections were perpendicular to the strike of each cluster and revealed the geometry of each fault segment as well as the depth of the seismogenic layer. The average T-axis orientation is in agreement with the regional sub-horizontal extension. Coulomb stress changes associated with the coseismic slips of the three strongest events (M ≥ 5) of the Amfikleia sequence were calculated. The calculations provide evidence of stress interaction among the fault segments.

Στις 7 Αυγούστου 2013 ένας σεισμός μεγέθους Μ=5.4 έπληξε την περιοχή κοντά στην πόλη της Αμφίκλειας, στην Κεντρική Ελλάδα, ξεκινώντας μια σεισμική ακολουθία. Ο κύριος σεισμός προκάλεσε σοβαρές ζημιές στα κτήρια των γειτονικών χωριών. Η περιοχή μελέτης αποτελεί τμήμα της οπισθότοξης περιοχής του Ελληνικού τόξου και τοποθετείται μεταξύ τριών μορφοτεκτονικών περιοχών που είναι το βουνό του Καλλιδρόμου, η λεκάνη της Λοκρίδας καθώς και η λεκάνη του Βοιωτικού Κηφησού. Ακόμη, η περιοχή μελέτης είναι σεισμικά ενεργή και χαρακτηρίζεται από κανονικά ρήγματα καθώς και από καθεστώς εφελκυσμού. Η χρονική διάρκεια καταγραφής της σεισμικής δραστηριότητας ήταν περίπου ένα έτος από την εκδήλωση του κύριου σεισμού. Σε αυτό το χρονικό διάστημα 1080 μετασεισμοί ανιχνεύθηκαν. Η σεισμική ακολουθία χαρακτηρίζεται από συσταδοποίηση η οποία πιθανώς αποδίδεται στην ενεργοποίηση γειτονικών τεμαχών του ρήγματος. Η χωροχρονική εξέλιξη έδειξε ένα μοτίβο ενεργοποίησης των τεμαχών του ρήγματος προς τα ανατολικά. Σαράντα ημέρες μετά τον κύριο σεισμό, η σεισμικότητα μετανάστευσε προς τα ανατολικά και εκδηλώθηκε ο μεγαλύτερος μετασεισμός (Μ = 5.3). Η μετασεισμική δραστηριότητα συσκεντρώνεται σε τέσσερις συστάδες. Η πρώτη και η τρίτη συστάδα περιλαμβάνουν την εκδήλωση του κύριου σεισμού καθώς και του μεγαλύτερου μετασεισμού αντίστοιχα, ενώ οι υπόλοιπες δυο συστάδες περιέχουν μετασεισμούς με μικρότερα μεγέθη. Οι χρονικές διακυμάνσεις στην τιμή της παραμέτρου b έδειξαν πως οι μετασεισμοί με M ≥ 4.0 αντιστοιχούν στις χαμηλότερες τιμές της παραμέτρου αυτής. Με τη χρήση της μεθόδου των πρώτων αποκλίσεων των επιμήκων κυμάτων υπολογίσθηκαν οι μηχανισμοί γένεσης 62 σεισμών με μέγεθος M>2.5. Οι λύσεις των μηχανισμών γένεσης δείχνουν κανονικές διαρρήξεις και χρησιμοποιήθηκαν μαζί με τις εστίες των μετασεισμών σε κατακόρυφες τομές. Οι κατακόρυφες τομές κατασκευάστηκαν κάθετα στην παράταξη της κάθε συστάδας προσδιορίζοντας τη γεωμετρία της κάθε συστάδας καθώς και το βάθος του σεισμογόνου στρώματος. Η μέση διεύθυνση του Τ-άξονα τάσης έρχεται σε συμφωνία με τον σχεδόν οριζόντιας διεύθυνσης εφελκυσμό σε τοπικό επίπεδο. Υπολογίσθηκαν οι μεταβολές των τάσεων Coulomb λόγω των σεισμικών ολισθήσεων των τριών κύριων σεισμών (M ≥ 5) της ακολουθίας της Αμφίκλειας. Οι υπολογισμοί παρέχουν αποδείξεις σχετικά με την αλληλεπίδραση των τάσεων Coulomb μεταξύ των τεμαχών του ρήγματος.

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