[Εξωφυλλο}

Ορυκτολογική, χημική και ορυκτοχημική μελέτη των υπερβασικών πετρωμάτων της περιοχής Σκουμτσας Γρεβενών και η καταλληλότητα τους στην παραγωγή μπουφρίτη

Μαλαματένια Γ. Τριανταφύλλου

Περίληψη


Η ορυκτολογική χημική σύσταση καθώς και η ορυκτοχημεία του υπερβασικού πετρώματος της Σκούμτσας (Βούρινος) μελετήθηκαν με πολωτικό και μεταλλογραφικό μικροσκόπιο, τη μέθοδο περιθλασσιμετρίας ακτίνων Χ, σαρωτικό ηλεκτρονικό μικροσκόπιο με σύστημα  μικροανάλυσης EDS, ICP-OES, ICP-MS και INAA.
      Με τη χρήση διαφορετικών κοκκομετρικών κλασμάτων του υπερβασικού πετρώματος της Σκούμτσας, εκτελέστηκαν πειράματα μεταβολής του pH σε διαλύματα προσομοίωσης όξινων λιμνών (pH 2,7) και σε υγρά απόβλητα μπαταριών με αρνητικό (pH) -0,19.
      Το υπερβασικό πέτρωμα της Σκούμτσας αποτελείται κυρίως από ολιβίνη (44-61%), ορθοπυρόξενο (12-29%), σερπεντίνη (10-14%), κλινοπυρόξενο (2-4%), χρωμίτη (1-3%) και άμορφη φάση (10-16%). Σύμφωνα με τα ποσοστά συμμετοχής των ορυκτών το υπερβασικό πέτρωμα της Σκούμτσας ταξινομείται οριακά ως χαρτσβουργίτης.
      Οι μικροαναλύσεις έδειξαν ότι οι ολιβίνες είναι μαγνησιούχοι (φορστερίτης Fo92,6-94.6), οι ορθοπυρόξενοι έχουν σύσταση ενστατίτη, ενώ οι κλινοπυρόξενοι έχουν σύσταση διοψιδίου και διοψιδικού αυγίτη. Οι χρωμίτες έχουν σύσταση Cr – σπινελλίου και οι σερπεντίνες περιέχουν Fe και Ni.
      Από τα πειράματα ρύθμισης του pH, στην περίπτωση της δημιουργίας προσομοίωσης όξινων λιμνών, προέκυψε ότι ο χαρτσβουργίτης ρύθμισε το pH περίπου στο ουδέτερο (σε περίπου 20 ώρες). Το υπερβασικό υλικό που χρησιμοποιήθηκε μετά τις κατεργασίες δεν μεταβλήθηκε ορυκτολογικά.
      Στα πειράματα που πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε αρνητικό pH, υπήρξε αύξηση του pH (από -0,19 σε 0,15 εντός 90 ωρών περίπου). Σε αυτή την περίπτωση, υπήρξαν μεταβολές στην ορυκτολογική σύσταση του υπερβασικού υλικού που χρησιμοποιήθηκε μετά τις κατεργασίες, όπου ο ολιβίνης και ο σερπεντίνης διαλυτοποιήθηκαν πλήρως και δημιουργήθηκε το ορυκτό κιζερίτης.
      Ο χαρτσβουργίτης της Σκούμτσας είναι κατάλληλο υλικό για πολλές βιομηχανικές και περιβαλλοντικές εφαρμογές, καθώς και για τη χρήση ως μπουφρίτης (κονιοποιημένος δουνίτης, >90% ολιβίνης).

 The mineralogical, chemical and mineral-chemical composition of the Skoumtsa (Vourinos) ultramafic rock have been investigated by polarized and reflected light microscopy, X – Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy with EDS microanalyser (SEM-EDS), ICP-OES, ICP-MS and INAA.
     Using the Skoumtsa ultramafic rock of different gray sizes, pH tests were performed in acidic lake simulation solution (pH 2.7) and in battery wastewaters of negative (pH) -0,19.
     The ultramafic rock of Skoumtsa consists mainly of olivine (44-61%), orthopyroxene (12-29%), serpentine (10-14%), clinopyroxene (2-4%), chromite (1-3%) and amorphous phase (10-16%). According to the mineralogical composition the ultramafic rock of Skoumtsa can be classified marginally as hartzbourgite.
     The microanalyses showed that olivines are Mg-rich (forsterite, Fo92,6-94.6), orthopyroxenes have enstatitic and clinopyroxenes diopsidic - augitic compositions. The chromites have Cr – spinel composition and serpentines contain Fe and Ni.
     In the experiments of controlling the pH, in the case of the acidic lake simulation hartzbourgite adjusted the pH approximately to neutral (in ca 20 hours). In the ultramafic material used mineralogical changes were not observed after the treatments.  
     In the experiments of negative pH, an increase in the pH were observed (from -0,19 to 0,15 in ca 90 hours). In this case, mineralogical changes were observed in the ultramafic material used, after the treatments, where olivine and serpentine were dissolved and the mineral, kieserite, was formed.
     The hartzbourgite of Skoumtsa is suitable for numerous industrial and environmental applications and for the use as buffrite (powdered dunite, >90% olivine).


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