[Εξώφυλλο]

Περιοχική μελέτη επίδρασης των κλιματικών αλλαγών στην Ελληνική αμπελουργία

Γεωργία Κ. Λάζογλου

Περίληψη


Το αμπέλι και το βασικό παραγόμενο προϊόν του, το κρασί, κατέχουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην ελληνική κοινωνία, από τα αρχαία χρόνια μέχρι και σήμερα. Η αποδεχόμενη κλιματική αλλαγή φαίνεται πως θα επηρεάσει έμμεσα και τις αμπελοκαλλιέργειες στον ελλαδικό χώρο. Η μελέτη για το μέγεθος και τον ρυθμό της επίδρασης, παραγματοποιήθηκε στηριζόμενη σε εννέα βιοκλιματικούς δείκτες που αφορούν την αμπελουργία και καλύπτουν τη χρονική περίοδο 1981-2100. Οι δείκτες υπολογίστηκαν με δεδομένα που προήλθαν από το ευρωπαϊκό κέντρο European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), και από το περιοχικό κλιματικό μοντέλο RegCM3. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης, τα δεδομένα του μοντέλου RegCM3, προσεγγίζουν ικανοποιητικά τα reanalysis δεδομένα, από αμπελουργικής άποψης. Επίσης, οι αλλαγές στις τιμές των δεικτών μέσα στην περίοδο μελέτης, δείχνουν πως όλες οι ελληνικές περιοχές μεταβαίνουν σταδιακά σε συνθήκες αυξημένης θερμοκρασίας και ξηρασίας. Η μετάβαση αυτή θα ευνοήσει τις ψυχρότερες αμπελουργικές περιοχές που συνήθως βρίσκονται σε μεγάλα υψόμετρα, ενώ θα επηρεάσει αρνητικά τις θερμότερες, που περιλαμβάνουν συνήθως νησιωτικές και παράκτιες περιοχές. Επιπρόσθετα, έγινε προσπάθεια για ταξινόμηση των ελληνικών περιοχών σε κατηγορίες με κοινά αμπελουργικά χαρακτηριστικά, σύμφωνα με το παγκόσμιο σύστημα Geoviticulture Multicriteria Climatic Classification System (MCC system). Σύμφωνα με αυτό, οι ελληνικές αμπελουργικές περιοχές θα μετακινηθούν στις θερμότερες και ξηρότερες κατηγορίες του συστήματος, παρουσιάζοντας ομοιότητες με θερμότερες περιοχές του κόσμου όπως οινοπαραγωγικές περιοχές της Τυνησίας. Όλα αυτά θα πρέπει να ληφθούν υπ’ όψη από του αμπελουργούς και τους οινοπαραγωγούς, έτσι ώστε να παρθούν μέτρα για να εξασφαλιστεί η παραγωγή ποιοτικών οίνων.

The vineyard and its basic product, wine, have played an important role in Greek society from ancient times until the present day. The accepted climate change is bound to indirectly affect vine cultures in the Greek region. The present study on the magnitude and the rhythm of the effect has been carried out based on nine bioclimatic indices, which concern viticulture and cover the time period from 1981 to 2100. The indices were calculated using data coming from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and from the regional climate model RegCM3. According to the results of the study, the data from the model RegCM3 approximate in a satisfactory way the reanalysis data in terms of vine growing. Moreover, the changes in the values of the indices throughout the study time span show that all the Greek regions steadily switch over to conditions of increased temperature and drought. This transcendence will favor the colder vine growing regions, which are usually located in high altitudes, while it will negatively affect the warmer regions, which usually include island and coastal regions. In addition, an attempt has been made to classify the Greek regions in categories with common vine growing characteristics, according to the international Geoviticulture Multicriteria Climatic Classification System (MCC system). According to the latter, the Greek vine growing regions will be moved to the warmer and more arid categories of the system, presenting similarities with the warmer regions of the world, such as the vine growing regions of Tunisia. All these have to be taken into consideration by vine growers and winemakers, so as to take the measures in order to ensure the production of quality wines.


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