Palaeoenvironmental study of Holocene sediments from the coastal plain of Piraeus (Attica, Greece) based on ostracod assemblages = Παλαιοπεριβαλλοντική μελέτη των ολοκαινικών ιζημάτων της παράκτιας περιοχής του Πειραιά (Αττική, Ελλάδα) μέσω των πανίδων των οστρακωδών.
Περίληψη
mainly by the species L. elliptica (brackish water species), X.communis (marine species tolerating salinity fluctuations) and C. salinus. The combined use of Q mode cluster analysis and the ecology of the ostracod species distinguished five assemblages which represent different paleoenvironments. The distribution of these environments along Ρ5 indicated the palaeoenvironmental evolution
of the studied area:
− From the bottom of P5 up to about 7545 cal BP, the study area represented a brackish oligohaline to mesohaline lagoon with limited communication with the sea.
− After 7554 to about 3987 cal BP, a coastal environment was formed with salinity fluctuations. This is in accordance with Goiran et al. (2011), verifying Strabos hypothesis for the Island of Piraeus.
− Upwards, a closed oligohaline palaeoenvironment is indicated, as a strong freshwater influence is recoded, beginning at about 3987 cal BP. This could be associated with the wet period that started after the 4200 yrs BP dry event.
Finally, after 2812 cal BP a brackish marsh was formed. The reconstruction of the landscape evolution of the Piraeus coastal plain during Holocene, highlighted once again the role of ostracods as excellent palaeoenvironmental proxies.
Σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας είναι η διεξοδική ανάλυση πανίδων οστρακωδών με στόχο την αναπαράσταση της παλαιοπεριβαλλοντικής εξέλιξης της παράκτιας περιοχής του Πειραιά κατά την διάρκεια του Ολοκαίνου. Για να επιτευχθεί αυτό μελετήθηκε η σύνθεση και η κατανομή των πανίδων των οστρακωδών κατά μήκος του πυρήνα Ρ5. Η μικροπαλαιοντολογική ανάλυση περιλάμβανε ποιοτική ανάλυση (προσδιορισμό σε επίπεδο γένους και είδους, συγκέντρωση οικολογικών στοιχείων) και ποσοτική ανάλυση (υπολογισμός δεικτών ποικιλότητας, ανάλυση Q τύπου κατά συστάδες) των συναθροίσεων
των οστρακωδών σε 41 δείγματα του Ρ5. Προσδιορίστηκαν 31 είδη οστρακωδών, τα οποία ανήκαν σε 20 γένη. Το πιο κοινό είδος που επικρατούσε στατιστικά στην συντριπτική πλειοψηφία των δειγμάτων είναι το C. torosa, το οποίο είναι χαρακτηριστικό είδος υφάλμυρων, συνήθως λιμνοθαλάσσιων, περιβαλλόντων. Τα είδος αυτό συνοδεύεται κυρίως από τα είδη L. elliptica (είδος υφάλμυρων υδάτων), X.communis (θαλάσσιο είδος ανθεκτικό σε μεταβολές αλατότητας) και C. salinus. Με την βοήθεια της Q τύπου ανάλυσης κατά συστάδες και της οικολογίας των οστρακωδών διακρίθηκαν πέντε συναθροίσεις οι οποίες και αντιστοιχούν σε διαφορετικά περιβάλλοντα. Η κατανομή των περιβαλλόντων αυτών κατά μήκος του πυρήνα Ρ5 κατέδειξε την παλαιογεωγραφική εξέλιξη της περιοχής:
− Από τη βάση του πυρήνα μέχρι περίπου τα 7545 cal BP η περιοχή μελέτης αντιστοιχούσε σε μια ολιγόαλη-μεσοαλη λιμνοθάλασσα, με περιορισμένη επικοινωνία με τη θάλασσα
− Από τα 7554 μέχρι περίπου τα 3987 cal BP διαμορφώθηκε σταδιακά ένα παράκτιο περιβάλλον με διακυμάνσεις στην αλατότητα. Η ερμηνεία αυτή συνάδη με τα συμπεράσματα των Goiran et al. (2011), επιβεβαιώνοντας τον Στράβωνα στο ότι η χερσόνησος του Πειραιά κάποια χρονική περίοδο ήταν νησί
− Στη συνέχεια, μετά από μια σημαντική εισροή γλυκών υδάτων λίγο πριν τα 3987 cal BP διαμορφώθηκε στην περιοχή μια ολιγόαλη λιμνοθάλασσα. Το συμβάν αυτό είναι πιθανόν να συσχετίζεται με την υγρή περίοδο που ακολούθησε μετά το συμβάν του 4200 yrs BP.
− Τέλος, μετά τα 2812 cal BP διαμορφώθηκε ένα υφάλμυρο έλος.
Η αναπαράσταση της περιβαλλοντικής εξέλιξης της παράκτιας περιοχής του Πειραιά κατά την διάρκεια του Ολοκαίνου ανέδειξε για άλλη μια φορά την αξία των οστρακωδών ως βιοδείκτες παλαιο-περιβαλλοντικών αλλαγών.
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