Εξώφυλλο

Δυναμικός υποβιβασμός κλίμακας του περιοχικού κλιματικού μοντέλου RegCM για την ελληνική περιοχή: Στατιστική ανάλυση, δυναμική αξιολόγηση, επιπτώσεις και μελλοντικά σενάρια = Dynamical downscaling of regional climate model RegCM for the Greek region: Statistical assessment, dynamical evaluation, effects and future scenarios.

Κονδυλία Κωνσταντίνος Βελίκου

Περίληψη


Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η βελτίωση των προσομοιώσεων του περιοχικού κλιματικού μοντέλου RegCM4 για την περιοχή της Μεσογείου, έτσι ώστε να παραχθούν αξιόπιστες προβολές υψηλής κλίμακας για την ανάπτυξη και ανάλυση του μελλοντικού κλίματος στην Ελλάδα μέχρι το τέλος του 21ου αιώνα. Αρχικά πραγματοποιήθηκε έλεγχος της ικανότητας του περιοχικού κλιματικού μοντέλου RegCM4 να προσομοιώνει ικανοποιητικά τη θερμοκρασία, τη βροχόπτωση και την πίεση στη μέση στάθμη της θάλασσας στην περιοχή μελέτης με χρήση της βάσης δεδομένων E-OBS. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψιν τον σημαντικό ρόλο που παίζουν οι διαφορετικές φυσικές παραμετροποιήσεις του μοντέλου, η επιλογή του μοντέλου γενικής κυκλοφορίας που χρησιμοποιείται ως «γονέας», καθώς και η περιοχή ενδιαφέροντος (τοπογραφία, χρήσεις γης) στην προσομοίωση του κλίματος, έγινε έλεγχος ευαισθησίας του μοντέλου στα διαφορετικά σχήματα φυσικών παραμετροποιήσεων, με τη χρήση μιας σειράς παραμέτρων που θεωρείται ότι επηρεάζονται από αυτές τις παραμετροποιήσεις. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτού του ελέγχου έδωσαν μια πρώτη εικόνα για τις πιθανές αλλαγές στις φυσικές παραμετροποιήσεις του μοντέλου, οι οποίες θα μπορούσαν να θεωρηθούν ως ο καταλληλότερος συνδυασμός για τις προσομοιώσεις του RegCM4 στην περιοχή της Μεσογείου. Στη συνέχεια, κρίθηκε σκόπιμο να γίνει έλεγχος και αξιολόγηση του συνδυασμού των αλλαγών στις φυσικές παραμετροποιήσεις του μοντέλου που θεωρήθηκαν ότι βελτιώνουν μεμονωμένα τις προσομοιώσεις στην περιοχή μελέτης. Για τον έλεγχο αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δεδομένα μέσης θερμοκρασίας και συνολικής βροχόπτωσης από τη βάση δεδομένων ERA-Interim, καθώς και αντίστοιχα δεδομένα από 18 σταθμούς που καλύπτουν την περιοχή της Μεσογείου και προέρχονται από τη βάση δεδομένων σταθμών ECA&D. Ακολούθως, πραγματοποιήθηκε ο δυναμικός υποβιβασμός κλίμακας του περιοχικού κλιματικού μοντέλου RegCM4 και αναδείχθηκε η αναγκαιότητα ενός κλιματικού μοντέλου υψηλής κλίμακας σε περιοχές με ιδιαίτερη τοπογραφία. Ο στόχος αυτός επιτεύχθηκε με τη σύγκριση της αρχικής προσομοίωσης χωρικής ανάλυσης 25×25km με την προσομοίωση υψηλής ανάλυσης 10×10km για τον Ελληνικό χώρο. Τέλος, αναπτύχθηκαν και αναλύθηκαν οι μελλοντικές προβολές του κλίματος στην Ελλάδα ως το τέλος του 21ου αιώνα σύμφωνα με το σενάριο εκπομπών RCP4.5, με χρήση της προσομοίωσης υψηλής ανάλυσης (10 km).

The aim of the present thesis was to improve the simulations of regional climate model RegCM4 for the Mediterranean region, in order to produce more dependable high-resolution projections for the development and analysis of future climate in Greece by the end of the 21st century. On a first step, the ability of regional climate model RegCM4 to simulate satisfactorily temperature, precipitation, and mean sea level pressure in the area of study was tested using E-OBS database. Taking into account the important role played by the different physics parameterizations of the regional climate model, the choice of a general circulation model that is used as a driving field in the simulations, as well as the area of interest (topography and land use) in the simulation of the climate, a sensitivity analysis of RegCM4 to the different physics parameterizations was conducted, using a number of parameters that are assumed to be affected by these configurations. From the evaluation of this sensitivity analysis, the possible changes in the model’s configurations that could be considered as the most appropriate combination for RegCM4 simulations in the Mediterranean region occurred. For this purpose, mean temperature and total precipitation data from the ERA-Interim database, as well as corresponding data from 18 stations that cover the Mediterranean region and derive from the ECA&D daily observations database, were utilized. Subsequently, the dynamical downscaling of regional climate model RegCM4 was performed and the necessity of a high-resolution climate model in areas with complex terrain was highlighted. This objective was achieved by comparing the initial simulation (25×25km) to the high-resolution simulation (10×10km) in Greece. Finally, the future projections of climate in Greece until the end of the 21st century were developed and analyzed according to RCP4.5 emission scenario, using the high-resolution projection (10 km).

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