Η κρισιμότητα των σπάνιων γαιών στην παγκόσμια οικονομία = The criticality of rare earths in the global economy.
Περίληψη
Η Κίνα είναι σήμερα ο κυρίαρχος παγκόσμιος παραγωγός REE, αντιπροσωπεύοντας πάνω από το 80% της παγκόσμιας προσφοράς. Αυτό έχει εγείρει ανησυχίες σχετικά με το ενδεχόμενο διακοπής του εφοδιασμού και γεωπολιτικών εντάσεων, καθώς ο κόσμος εξαρτάται ολοένα και περισσότερο από μια μόνο πηγή για αυτά τα κρίσιμα υλικά. Καθώς η ζήτηση για REE συνεχίζει να αυξάνεται, γίνεται όλο και πιο σημαντικό για άλλες χώρες να αναπτύξουν τις δικές τους εγχώριες παραγωγικές ικανότητες REE, καθώς και να βρουν εναλλακτικά υλικά και τεχνολογίες που μπορούν να αντικαταστήσουν τους REE σε ορισμένες εφαρμογές.
Συμπερασματικά, η κρισιμότητα των REE για την παγκόσμια βιομηχανία υπογραμμίζει τη σημασία της ανάπτυξης βιώσιμων και ανθεκτικών αλυσίδων εφοδιασμού για αυτά τα βασικά υλικά, προκειμένου να διασφαλιστεί η συνεχής ανάπτυξη και ανάπτυξη βιομηχανιών υψηλής τεχνολογίας σε όλο τον κόσμο.
Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of 17 chemical elements that are crucial for many high-tech industries, including electronics, renewable energy, defense, and medical devices. The unique magnetic, optical, and electrical properties of REEs make them essential components in a wide range of products. The criticality of REEs stems from their scarcity, as well as the fact that they are often only found in small quantities and in hard-to-reach locations. In addition, the production of REEs requires a complex and environmentally-harmful extraction process, which adds to their scarcity and makes it difficult to increase supply.
China is currently the dominant global producer of REEs, accounting for over 80% of the world's supply. This has raised concerns about the potential for supply disruptions and geopolitical tensions, as the world becomes increasingly dependent on a single source for these critical materials. As the demand for REEs continues to grow, it's becoming increasingly important for other countries to develop their own domestic REE production capacities, as well as to find alternative materials and technologies that can replace REEs in certain applications.
In conclusion, the criticality of REEs to the global industry underscores the importance of developing sustainable and resilient supply chains for these essential materials, in order to ensure the continued growth and development of high-tech industries around the world.
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
https://www.oryktosploutos.net/2021/04/rare-earth-metals-production-is-no-longer-monopolized-by-china/
https://www.ameslab.gov/news/news-releases/
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