Εξώφυλλο

Pleistocene continental gastropods from the sedimentary basin of Sousaki Ag. Theodoroi, Greece = Ηεπιρωτικά γεστεροποδα του κατώτερου Πλειστοκαίνου από την ιζηματογενή λεκάνη του Σουσακίου Αγ. Θεόδωροι, Ελλάδα.

Dimitris, Odeseus Protopapas,

Περίληψη


This work involves the study of a Lower Pleistocene freshwater malacofauna from the Sousaki sedimentary Basin and contributes towards the better understanding of the relationship between modern and fossil species. The studied area lies next to the Sousaki volcano, which is the westernmost end of the South Aegean volcanic arc, about 15 Km west of Corinth, in southern Greece. Four samples were collected from a section, consisting of alternations of marly and conglomeratic layers and located in the area of the youngest group of volcanic rocks, which comprises the substrate of the respective deposits. As a result, 24 different species were determined, belonging to 10 families and 20 genera, namely Neritidae, Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae, Acroloxidae, Geomitridae, Hydrobiidae, Bithyniidae, Viviparidae, Melanopsidae, Thiaridae. At least, Islamia n. sp., Bania n. sp., Prososthenia n. sp., Graecamnicola n. sp., could be new species as they were not detected in the literature. Τhe similarities of the studied malacofauna with other lower Pleistocene ones, of which (60 %) of extinct taxa, seem to verify this age as suggested by other studies. Caenogastropoda are dominate, whereas the most diverse family is Hydrobiidae and second the Planorbidae. Representatives of the Superfamily Lymnaeoidea (i.e., Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Acroloxidae) appear in the study area as well, including extant species, such as Armiger crista, or widespread extinct species in various Pliocene & Pleistocene basins like Lymnaea megarensis. In the family Hydrobiidae, observed a probably a new species of the extinct genus Graecamnicola. Species of this genus have been known only from the Pleistocene sediments of the Atalanti Basin and it has been recorded for the first time in the study area. Two representatives of the genus Islamia and Bania refer here for the second time in the Greek fossil record, with Bania n. sp., represent the chronologically youngest species of the genus. The statistical analysis, groups the samples into two association groups, based on the abundance gastropod species. According to the ecological preferences of the studied taxa, a lacustrine palaeoenvironment could be inferred. The first group includes species that prefer the most stagnant aquatic environment rich in aquatic vegetation, such as several species of Lymnaeoidea. The second group lacks species that prefer mainly stagnant water and is dominated by species that prefer more stony substrates, especially by the genus Theodoxus, which could perhaps signal a change in the hydrological or water chemical conditions of this environment. This palaeofauna eventually disappeared from the study area, due to the collapse of the ecosystem after the loss of this freshwater environment.

H μελέτη αυτή αφορά μια πανίδα μαλακίων γλυκού νερού του κατωτέρου Πλειστόκαινου από την ιζηματογενή λεκάνη του Σουσακίου, με στόχο να συμβάλλει στην καλύτερη κατανόηση της σχέσης μεταξύ σύγχρονων και απολιθωμάτων ειδών. Η περιοχή μελέτης γειτνιάζει με το ηφαίστειο του Σουσακίου, το οποίο είναι το δυτικότερο άκρο του ηφαιστειακού τόξου του Νοτίου Αιγαίου, περίπου 15 Km δυτικά της Κορίνθου στη νότια Ελλάδα. Συνολικά συλλέχθηκαν τέσσερα δείγματα από γεωλογική τομή η οποία αποτελείται από εναλλαγές μαργών και κροκαλοπαγών και βρίσκεται στην περιοχή της νεότερης ομάδας ηφαιστειακών πετρωμάτων τα οποία αποτελούν το υπόβαθρο της. Ως αποτέλεσμα, προσδιορίστηκαν 24 διαφορετικά είδη, που ανήκουν σε 10 οικογένειες και 20 γένη, συγκεκριμένα Neritidae, Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae, Acroloxidae, Geomitridae, Hydrobiidae, Bithyniidae, Viviparidae, Melanopsidae, Thiaridae. Τα είδη Islamia n. sp., Bania n. sp., Prososthenia n. sp., Graecamnicola n. sp., μπορεί να επρόκειτο για νέα είδη καθώς δεν αναγνωρίστηκαν βιβλιογραφικά. Οι ομοιότητες της μελετηθείσας μαλακοπανίδας με άλλες του κατώτερου Πλειστόκαινου, εκ των οποίων το (60 %) να αποτελείτε από εξαφανισμένα είδη, φαίνεται να επιβεβαιώνουν αυτή την ηλικία. Κυριαρχούν τα Caenogastropoda, ενώ η πιο ποικιλόμορφη οικογένεια είναι τα Hydrobiidae και δεύτερη τα Planorbidae. Εκπρόσωποι της υπεροικογένειας Lymnaeoidea (δηλαδή, Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Acroloxidae) εμφανίζονται επίσης στην περιοχή μελέτης και περιλαμβάνουν είδη που διαβιούν και σήμερα όπως το Armiger crista, αλλά και εξαφανισμένα ευρέως διαδεδομένα είδη σε διάφορες λεκάνες του Πλειόκαινου και του Πλειστόκαινου, όπως το Lymnaea megarensis. Στην οικογένεια Hydrobiidae, παρατηρήθηκε ένα πιθανά νέο είδος του εξαφανισμένου γένους Graecamnicola. Είδη αυτού του γένους είναι γνωστά μόνο από τα ιζήματα του Πλειστόκαινου της Λεκάνης της Αταλάντης και έχει καταγραφεί για πρώτη φορά στην περιοχή μελέτης. Δύο εκπρόσωποι του γένους Islamia και Bania αναφέρονται εδώ για δεύτερη φορά στο ελληνικό αρχείο απολιθωμάτων, με το Bania n. sp., αντιπροσωπεύουν το χρονολογικά νεότερο είδος του γένους. Η στατιστική ανάλυση ομαδοποιεί τα δείγματα σε δύο ομάδες συσχέτισης με βάση την αφθονία των γαστερόποδων. Σύμφωνα με τις οικολογικές προτιμήσεις των ειδών που μελετήθηκαν, θα μπορούσε να συναχθεί ένα λιμναίο παλαιοπεριβάλλον. Η πρώτη ομάδα περιλαμβάνει είδη που προτιμούν το πιο στάσιμο υδάτινο περιβάλλον πλούσιο σε υδρόβια βλάστηση, όπως αρκετά είδη Lymnaeoidea. Η δεύτερη ομάδα στερείται ειδών που προτιμούν κυρίως λιμνάζοντα νερά και κυριαρχείται από είδη που προτιμούν περισσότερα πετρώδη υποστρώματα, ειδικά από το γένος Theodoxus, το οποίο θα μπορούσε ίσως να σηματοδοτήσει μια αλλαγή στις υδρολογικές ή χημικές συνθήκες του νερού αυτού του περιβάλλοντος. Αυτή η παλαιοπανίδα τελικά εξαφανίστηκε από την περιοχή μελέτης, λόγω της κατάρρευσης του οικοσυστήματος μετά την απώλεια αυτού του περιβάλλοντος γλυκού νερού.


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