Εξώφυλλο

Functional morphology of Mesopithecus femora (Colobinae, Primates) from China and Greece = Λειτουργική μορφολογία μηρών Mesopithecus (Colobinae, Primates) από την Κίνα και την Ελλάδα.

Ioanna Konstantinos Simoglou,

Περίληψη


Mesopithecus is the most widely known and geographically spread species of colobine monkeys in the Eurasia during Late Miocene and Pliocene. It appears progressively in many sites from Europe to southeast Asia and with at least three different species that vary in size. Although abundant and rather common in Europe, Mesopithecus is scarcely documented in Asia. Some specimens from Shuitangba, China are recently attributed to M. pentelicus based on research on the mandible. European Mesopithecus ecology has been investigated by several proxies, on the contrary, paleoecological data from Asia are very restricted. A proximal femur from Shuitangba, found in close proximity and associated with the mandible of Mesopithecus, provides a first opportunity to infer locomotor adaptations of the Chinese representative. Herein, we apply 2D geometric morphometric analysis in order to study the ecomorphological aspects of the fossil femur. The femur from Shuitangba is compared against a group of extinct and extant femora from Africa, Asia and Europe. The results show a semi-arboreal locomotion with terrestrial features for the Shuitangba femur. Compared to the rest of Mesopithecus samples from Europe, the studied femur appears to represent a more arboreal species, but it is not clustering well with any other group of extinct or extant monkeys. >From a taxonomic point of view, we cannot rule out the case of the femur belonging into M. pentelicus but we cannot also exclude the possibility it belongs into M. monspessulanus or some other entirely different species.

Το είδος Mesopithecus είναι το πιο γνωστό κι έχει τη μεγαλύτερη γεωγραφική εξάπλωση από όλα τα είδη κολοβίνων στην Ευρασία κατά το τέλος του Μειοκαίνου και στο Πλειόκαινο. Εμφανίζεται σταδιακά σε διάφορες περιοχές από την Ευρώπη μέχρι την νοτιοανατολική Ασία με τουλάχιστον τρία διαφορετικά είδη που ξεχωρίζουν σε μέγεθος. Παρότι υπάρχει σε αφθονία στην Ευρώπη, το Mesopithecus σπάνια καταγράφεται στην Ασία.  Κάποια ευρήματα από την Shuitangba στην Κίνα πρόσφατα αποδόθηκαν στο M. pentelicus βάση αναλύσεων που έγιναν στην γνάθο. Η ευρωπαϊκή οικολογία του Mesopithecus έχει διερευνηθεί σε πολλούς άξονες, αντίθετα, τα παλαιοοικολογικά δεδομένα από την Ασία είναι πολύ περιορισμένα. Ένα εγγύς τμήμα μηρού από την Shuitangba, που βρέθηκε κοντά στην γνάθο του Mesopithecus, παρέχει μια εξαιρετική ευκαιρία για μελέτη των κινητικών προσαρμογών των κινέζικων εκπροσώπων. Στην παρούσα έρευνα χρησιμοποιείται 2D ανάλυση γεωμετρικής μορφομετρίας με σκοπό να μελετηθεί οικομορφολογικά ο απολιθωμένος μηρός. Ο μηρός από την Shuitangba συγκρίνεται με μια ομάδα απολιθωμένων κι υπαρχόντων μηρών από την Αφρική, την Ασία και την Ευρώπη. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν έναν ημιδενδρόβιο τρόπο μετακίνησης με εδαφόβια χαρακτηριστικά για τον μηρό από την Shuitangba. Συγκρίνοντάς το με υπόλοιπα δείγματα Mesopithecus από την Ευρώπη, ο υπό μελέτη μηρός φαίνεται να αντιπροσωπεύει ένα πιο δενδρόβιο είδος, χωρίς όμως να ομαδοποιείται επαρκώς με κάποιο άλλο απολιθωμένο ή υπάρχον γκρουπ μαϊμούδων. Από ταξινομική πλευρά, δεν μπορούμε να αποκλείσουμε το ενδεχόμενο ο μηρός να ανήκει στο M. pentelicus, αλλά επίσης δεν μπορούμε να απορρίψουμε την πιθανότητα να ανήκει στο M. monspessulanus ή σε κάποιο τελείως διαφορετικό είδος.

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