[Εξώφυλλο]

Α case study of fossil leaves from the Early Miocene Petrified Forest at Akrocheiras site in Sigri area (Lesvos island) = Μελέτη των απολιθωμένων φύλλων του Κάτω Μειοκαίνου από το Απολιθωμένο Δάσος Λέσβου- θέση Ακρόχειρας, Σίγρι (Λέσβος).

Aikaterini L. Kafetzidou

Περίληψη


The Early Miocene macro- floral remains (leaf imprints) from the Akrocheiras site in Petrified Forest of Lesvos Island in Sigri area (North Aegean, Greece) are described. Sixteen different taxa were identified based on macroscopic morphological characteristics of about 235 leaf imprints. Dominant species are Daphnogene polymorpha (21%) Pungiphyllum cruciatum (15,0%), Phoenicites sp. (15,0%), and Lauraceae vel Fagaceae gen. et spec. indet., represented by numerous leaf remains. The rest taxa are rather rare with percentages between 1-3%, as cf. Alnus, Myrica sp., aff. Engelhardia osbergensis, Lauraceae gen. et. spec. indet, cf. Populus balsamoides. Half of the identified taxa, i.e., Celtis japeti, Carya sp., Decodon sp., cf. Ilex sp., Juglans sp., Leguminosites sp. and Smilax weberi are reported for the first time from the Neogene deposits of the Lesvos Island. Vegetation assessment is attempted both empirically-sociologically and by the Integrated Plant Record (IPR) vegetation analysis. Climate is estimated based on the Climate Leaf Analysis (CLAMP). According to the results of IPR analysis, the plant assemblage of Akrocheiras site is classified to the zonal subtropical, subhumid sclerophyllous or microphyllous forests (ShSF). The palaeoclimatic results for the flora of Akrocheiras site, revealed a warm temperate to subtropical climate (MAT 13.4- 16.5 oC and MAP 566- 834 mm), with seasonal alternations from wetter to drier conditions. The type of climate shows affinities to Cfa (sensu KÖPPEN-GEIGER). Finally, the studied flora of Akrocheiras is compared to the Early Miocene fossil record of the Greek Peninsula, the Early- Middle Miocene record of eighteen European sites, as well as to the modern flora of the area.
Η παρούσα μελέτη βασίστηκε στα μακροφυτικά απολιθώματα της Κάτω- Μειοκαινικής θέσης Ακρόχειρας, που εντάσσεται στην ευρύτερη περιοχή του Απολιθωμένου Δάσους της Λέσβου στην περιοχή του Σιγρίου (Βόρειο Αιγαίο, Ελλάδα). Στη θέση Ακρόχειρας μελετήθηκαν 235 αποτυπώματα φύλλων, εκ των οποίων αναγνωρίστηκαν δεκαέξι διαφορετικά τάξα, των οποίων η αναγνώριση βασίστηκε στα μακροσκοπικά μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά. Μεταξύ αυτών, κυρίαρχοι αντιπρόσωποι είναι τα Daphnogene polymorpha (21%), ενώ ως πολυπληθή χαρακτηρίζονται τα είδη Pungiphyllum cruciatum (15%), Phoenicites sp. (15%), ενώ σημαντική είναι και η παρουσία των Lauraceae vel Fagaceae gen. et spec. indet. Τα ποσοστά των υπολοίπων αναγνωρισμένων taxa είναι υπολοιπόμενα, καθώς κυμαίνονται από 1-3%, όπως τα cf. Alnus, Myrica sp., aff. Engelhardia osbergensis, Lauraceae gen. et. spec. indet και cf. Populus balsamoides. Μεγάλο ποσοστό του ταξινομημένου απολιθωμένου υλικού, με αντιπροσωπους τα Celtis japeti, Carya sp., Decodon sp., cf. Ilex sp., Juglans sp., Leguminosites sp. και Smilax weberi υποδεικνύει την πρώτη καταγραφή αυτών των taxa στο Νεογενές απολιθωματοφόρο αρχείο της Λέσβου. Η παλαιοοικολογική εξέταση της θέσης Ακρόχειρας, υπέδειξε ίχνη αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ φυτών- αρθροπόδων, κυρίως με την ύπαρξη μορφών προσβολής του φυλλώματος. Η κατανάλωση μέρους του φυλλώματος που εντοπίστηκε σε ένα από τα υπό μελέτη δείγματα αποτελεί τον τρόπο της ζημίωσης του φυλλώματος στη θέση. Η μελέτη της αλληλεπίδρασης των φυτών- αρθροπόδων αποτελεί μία σημαντική μέθοδο για την εξαγωγή παλαιοοικολογικών αποτελεσμάτων. Τα φυτικά λείψανα της θέσης Ακρόχειρας, διερευνήθηκαν με βάση την ταξινόμησή τους, των στοιχείων της βλάστησης και του κλίματος της περιοχής κατά το Κατώτερο Μειόκαινο. Η εφαρμογή της μεθόδου IPR (Integrated Plant Record), κατέταξε τις φυτικές συναθροίσεις της θέσης Ακρόχειρας στα υποτροπικά σκληρόφυλλα ή μικρόφυλλα δάση (ShSF). H χρήση της μεθόδου CLAMP (Climatic Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program) για την ποσοτική εκτίμηση του παλαιοκλίματος της θέσης υπέδειξε ένα θερμό εύκρατο έως υποτροπικό κλίμα (μέση ετήσια θερμοκρασία 13.4- 16.5 oC και μέση ετήσια βροχόπτωση 566- 834 mm) με εποχιακές εναλλαγές μεταξύ υγρών και ξηρότερων περιόδων, πιθανόν τύπου Cfa με βάση το σύστημα των KÖPPEN-GEIGER. Τέλος, πραγματοποιήθηκε μια σύγκριση της υπό μελέτη χλωρίδας με τις υπόλοιπες Κάτω Μειοκαινικές Ελληνικές θέσεις με φυτικά απολιθώματα ιδίου τύπου, καθώς και με δεκαοχτώ απολιθωματοφόρες Ευρωπαϊκές θέσεις φυτικών λειψάνων ηλικίας Κατώτερου- Μέσου Μειοκαίνουκαι με τη σύγχρονη χλωρίδα της περιοχής.

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