Διαδικασίες μετασωμάτωσης στον ωκεάνιο φλοιό = Metasomatic processes within the oceanic crust.

Σέλια-Γεωργία Βασίλειος Κατσίκη

Διαδικασίες μετασωμάτωσης στον ωκεάνιο φλοιό = Metasomatic processes within the oceanic crust.

Σέλια-Γεωργία Βασίλειος Κατσίκη

Περίληψη

Η παρούσα εργασία εξετάζει τις διαδικασίες μετασωμάτωσης στον ωκεάνιο φλοιό. Ο ωκεάνιος φλοιός υφίσταται εκτενείς χημικές τροποποιήσεις όταν αλληλοεπιδράει με το θαλασσινό νερό, οι οποίες παίζουν καθοριστικό ρόλο στη ρύθμιση της χημικής και ισοτοπικής σύστασης των ωκεανών και των πετρωμάτων τους. Οι αλλαγές αυτές είναι αποτέλεσμα της μετασωμάτωσης, μίας διαδικασίας που έχει την ικανότητα να αλλάζει την χημική και την ορυκτολογική σύσταση των πετρωμάτων. Για να γίνει κατανοητή η δράση της μετασωμάτωσης, είναι αναγκαίο να επεξηγηθούν οι αιτίες που την προκαλούν και τα κριτήρια που απαιτούνται για να ολοκληρωθεί η διαδικασία. Φαίνεται, λοιπόν, πόσο σημαντική είναι η λειτουργία των διαλυμάτων που προκαλούν τις μετασωματικές διαδικασίες, γνωστά και ως υδροθερμικά διαλύματα, καθώς επίσης και η διηθητική ή διαχυτική μεταφορά της ύλης, ο χώρος του ωκεάνιου φλοιού που επιδρούν και τα χημικά τους συστατικά. Έτσι, η μετασωμάτωση πέρα από μία διαδικασία ρύθμισης της χημικής σύστασης των ωκεανών και του ωκεάνιου φλοιού, θεωρείται ένας από τους βασικούς παράγοντες σχηματισμού κοιτασμάτων πολύτιμων μετάλλων, τόσο παγκοσμίως, όσο και στον ελληνικό χώρο. Καταλήγοντας, η παρούσα βιβλιογραφική έρευνα παρουσιάζει την πιθανή μελλοντική συμβολή των διαλυμάτων αυτών στην πρόκληση γεωδυναμικών γεγονότων, ενώ όσον αφορά τα μετασωματικά πετρώματα, η παρουσία τους είναι ένδειξη ύπαρξης πολύτιμων κοιτασμάτων.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά: μετασωμάτωση, υδροθερμικά διαλύματα, ωκεάνιος φλοιός, διάχυση, διήθηση, κοιτάσματα, πολύτιμα μέταλλα

The present study examines the metasomatic processes within the oceanic crust. The oceanic crust undergoes extensive chemical changes when it reacts with seawater, which play a decisive role in setting the chemical and isotopic composition of the oceans and their rocks. These changes are the result of metasomatism, a process that has the ability to alter the chemical and mineralogical composition of rocks. In order to understand the effect of metasomatism, it is necessary to explain the reasons that cause this process and the criteria that are required to complete it. Consequently, the function of fluids that cause all these metasomatic processes, also known as hydrothermal fluids, is very important. Additionally, of high importance are diffusional or infiltrational mass-transfer, the area of the oceanic crust that is affected and their chemical components. Thus, metasomatism beyond being a process that controls the chemical composition of oceans and oceanic crust, it is also considered one of the main factors for the formation of precious-metal ore deposits, both globally, and in the Greek area as well. To summarize, the present bibliographic survey presents the possible future contribution of these fluids to the rise of geodynamic events. As for metasomatic rocks, their presence is an indicator for the existence of precious ore deposits.
Key-words: metasomatism, hydrothermal fluids, oceanic crust, infiltration, diffusion, ore deposits, precious metals

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