The present thesis was conducted on surface sediments at depths ranging from 335m-2150m of the deep southern Aegean Sea and the northwestern Levantine Basin in the eastern Mediterranean. The study emphasizes on the biogenic content, consisting of planktonic, benthic foraminifera, ostracods, otoliths, and pteropods.
Variations were observed in the concentration of the biogenic content between the sampling stations:
Samples collected from the stations towards the northwestern Levantine basin (2MSFD6 and 2MSFD7) presented the highest concentration of biogenic component compared to all the other samples. These samples presented also the highest participation rates of planktonic foraminifera and the lowest ones of benthic foraminifera (mainly agglutinated) and ostracods, while pteropods were particularly abundant. The biogenic component of samples 2MSFD9 and 2MSFD10, which were sampled from the lower bathyal zone northern of Crete Island, present similar characteristics with samples 2MSFD6 and 2MSFD7. However, 2MSFD9 has a high concentration of biogenic component, while 2MSFD10 from the deepest station contained the lowest concentration of biogenic component compared to the other lower bathyal stations.
The biogenic component of sample 2MSFD5 (southeastern of Crete, lower bathyal zone) is comparable to the one of 2MSFD8 (southeastern of Peloponnese, upper bathyal zone), both in abundance and composition, presenting the highest participation rates of benthic calcareous foraminifera.        
Finally, samples 2MSFD11 and 2MSFD12, the shallowest samples collected from the Cyclades plateaux area, presented the lowest concentrations of biogenic component. Their biogenic component is characterized by the low presence of pteropods, calcareous BF have higher relative abundances than agglutinated BF and the high participation rates of ostracods.
Concerning benthic foraminiferal assemblages, it is the first time that such deep-lower bathyal assemblages of agglutinated taxa are described from the broader area of the Aegean Sea.
The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') for benthic foraminifera exhibits a regular trend, decreasing from shallower to deeper environments. The participation rates of planktonic foraminifera versus agglutinated foraminifera indicate that agglutinated species prevail over the former in deeper samples (except 2MSFD5), while there is an opposite trend for shallower samples.
Three different assemblages of calcareous foraminifera were distinguished. The assemblage of upper bathyal samples (2MSFD8, 2MSFD11, 2MSFD12) consists of shallow infaunal species, while the assemblage of samples 2MSFD9 and 2MSFD10 (the deepest samples south of Crete) is dominated by the epifaunal species Gyroidina. Finally, the assemblage of the three sampling stations towards the Levantine Sea consists of both infaunal and epifaunal species.
At the agglutinated foraminifera, the species Saccorhiza ramosa is the most abundant, while other studied species include Rhabdamminella cylindrica, Rhizammina algaeformis, Glomospira charoides, and Psammosiphonella spp., as well as Psammosphaera fusca and species of Bathysiphon, Marsipella, Hyperammina, Reophax, Cribrostomoides, Ammoscalaria, and Ammodiscus. These taxa are mainly epifaunal species, except of Reophax, which lives in oligotrophic conditions.
The abundance of epifaunal agglutinated foraminifera and the dominance of Gyroidina species in deeper samples north of Crete indicate oligotrophic conditions with high oxygen levels.
Finally, the study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was conducted by HCMR to assess any chemical pollutants in the marine environment. The total concentrations of PAHs can be compared to those reported in non-polluted coastal sites of the Mediterranean and offshore open deep sea locations in the Aegean Sea, as well as in other areas of the northwestern, central, and eastern Mediterranean.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία, πραγματοποιήθηκε σε επιφανειακά ιζήματα σε βάθη από 335m-2150m, στην θαλάσσια περιοχή του Κεντρικού-Νοτίου Αιγαίου και τη βορειοδυτική θάλασσα του Λεβάντε. Ανέδειξε βιογενές περιεχόμενο, αποτελούμενο από πλαγκτονικά, βενθονικά τρηματοφόρα, οστρακώδη, ωτόλιθους και πτερόποδα.
Παρατηρήθηκαν διακυμάνσεις στη συγκέντρωση του βιογενούς περιεχομένου μεταξύ των σταθμών δειγματοληψίας: Τα δείγματα που συλλέχθηκαν από τους σταθμούς 2MSFD6 και 2MSFD7 παρουσιάσαν την υψηλότερη συγκέντρωση βιογενούς περιεχομένου σε σύγκριση με όλα τα άλλα δείγματα. Τα δείγματα αυτά παρουσίασαν επίσης τα υψηλότερα ποσοστά συμμετοχής των πλαγκτονικών τρηματοφόρων και τα χαμηλότερα ποσοστά των βενθονικών τρηματοφόρων (κυρίως συμφυρματοπαγών) και των οστρακωδών ενώ τα πτερόποδα ηταν ιδιαίτερα άφθονα.
Στα δείγματα 2MSFD9 και 2MSFD10, τα οποία συλλέχθηκαν δειγματοληπτικά από τη κατώτερη βαθύαλη ζώνη βόρεια της Κρήτης, παρουσίασαν παρόμοια χαρακτηριστικά στο βιογενές περιεχόμενο με τα δείγματα 2MSFD6 και 2MSFD7. Ωστόσο ο σταθμός 2MSFD9, έχει υψηλή συγκέντρωση βιογενούς περιεχομένου ενώ ο σταθμός 2MSFD10, οποίος είναι ο βαθύτερος σταθμός δειγματοληψίας, περιείχε τη χαμηλότερη συγκέντρωση βιογενούς περιεχομένου σε σύγκριση με τους άλλους σταθμούς χαμηλότερου βάθους.
Το βιογενές περιεχόμενο του δείγματος 2MSFD5(νοτιοανατολικά της Κρήτης, κατώτερη βαθύαλη ζώνη), είναι συγκρίσιμο με αυτό του δείγματος 2MSFD8 (νοτιοανατολικά της Πελοποννήσου, ανώτερη βαθύαλη ζώνη), τόσο σε αφθονία όσο και σε σύνθεση, παρουσιάζοντας τα υψηλότερα ποσοστά συμμετοχής βενθονικών ασβεστολιθικών  τρηματοφόρων.
Τέλος τα δείγματα 2MSFD11 και 2MSFD12,τα πιο ρηχά δείγματα που συλλέχθηκαν από την θαλάσσια περιοχή των Κυκλάδων παρουσίασαν τις χαμηλότερες συγκεντρώσεις βιογενούς περιεχομένου. Το βιογενές περιεχόμενο των σταθμών αυτών χαρακτηρίζεται από χαμηλή παρουσία πτεροπόδων. Τα βενθονικά ασβεστιτικά τρηματοφόρα παρουσίασαν την  υψηλότερη σχετική αφθονία από τα συμφυρματοπαγή βενθονικά τρηματοφόρα. Επιπλέον στους σταθμούς αυτούς τα οστρακώδη παρουσίασαν  υψηλά ποσοστά συμμετοχής.
Όσον αφορά τη μελέτη των συνανθροίσεων των βενθονικών τρηματοφόρων , είναι η πρώτη φορά που περιγράγονται οι συνανθροίσεις των βενθονικών συμφυρματοπαγών τρηματοφόρων, της βαθύαλης ζώνης, σε βάθη έως και 2150m  στην θαλάσσια περιοχή του Νοτίου Αιγαίου Πελάγους.
Ο δείκτης διαφοροποίησης Shannon-Wiener (H’), για τα βενθονικά τρηματοφόρα παρουσιάζει κανονική τάση, καθώς μειώνεται από τα ρηχότερα στα βαθύτερα περιβάλλοντα. Τα ποσοστά συμμετοχής των υαλωδών έναντι των συμφυρματοπαγών τρηματοφόρων υποδεικνύουν πως τα συμφυρματοπαγή είδη επικρατούν έναντι των πρώτων, στα βαθύτερα δείγματα (με εξαίρεση το δείγμα 2MSFD5), ενώ υπάρχει αντίθετη τάση για τα ρηχότερα δείγματα.
Στα δείγματα διακρίθηκαν τρεις διαφορετικές συναθροίσεις ασβεστολιθικών τρηματοφόρων. Η συνάθροιση των ανώτερων βαθύαλων δειγμάτων (2MSFD8, 2MSFD11, 2MSFD12)  η οποία αποτελείται από τα ρηχά ενδοπανιδικά είδη, Bolivina, Bulimina, Cassidulina and Globocassidulina. Η συνάθροιση των δειγμάτων 2MSFD9 and 2MSFD10 (τα βαθύτερα δείγματα νότια της Κρήτης), στην οποία κυριαρχεί το επιφανειακό είδος Gyroidina. Τέλος, η συνάθροιση των τριών σταθμών δειγματοληψίας προς τη θάλασσα του Λεβάντε, η οποία αποτελείται από τους σταθμούς (2MSFD5, 2MSFD6, 2MSFD7) και αποτελείται από ενδοπανιδικά και επιφανειακά είδη, Gyroidina, Melonis, Uvigerina Bolivina and Bulimina.Τα συμφυρματοπαγή τρηματοφόρα παρουσίαζουν δενδροειδή, σωληνοειδή και σφαιρικά είδη και συνολικά 13 γένη και 9 είδη έχουν αναγνωριστεί μέχρι στιγμής.
Στα συμφυρματοπαγή τρηματοφόρα, το  είδος Saccorhiza ramosa είναι το πιο άφθονο ενώ τα άλλα είδη που μελετήθηκαν είναι τα Rhabdamminella cylindrica, Rhizammina algaeformis, Glomospira charoides και Psammosiphonella spp. Επίσης το Psammosphaera fusca και είδη Bathysiphon, Marsipella, Hyperammina, Reophax, Cribrostomoides, Ammoscalaria και Ammodiscus. Τέλος τα συγκεκριμένα τάξα είναι επιφανειακά είδη εκτός του Reophax, το οποίο ζει σε ολιγοτροφικές συνθήκες.
Η αφθονία των των επιφανειακών συμφυρματοπαγών τρηματοφόρων και η κυριαρχία των ειδών Gyroidina, στα βαθύτερα δείγματα βόρεια της Κρήτης, υποδηλώνουν ολιγοτροφικές συνθήκες υψηλόυ οξυγόνου.
Τέλος, η μελέτη των πολυκυκλικών αρωματικών υδρογονανθράκων (PAHs), πραγματοποιήθηκε από το ΕΛΚΕΘΕ προκειμένου να εκτιμηθούν τυχόν  χημικοί ρύποι στο θαλάσσιο περιβάλλον. Οι συνολικές συγκεντρώσεις των (PAHs), μπορούν να συγκριθούν με εκείνες που αναφέρονται σε μη μολυσμένες παράκτιες τοποθεσίες της Μεσογείου και υπεράκτιες τοποθεσίες ανοιχτής/ βαθιάς θάλασσας στο Αιγαίο Πέλαγος, καθώς και σε άλλες περιοχές της βορειοδυτικής, κεντρικής και ανατολικής Μεσογείου.

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