[Εξώφυλλο]

Μελέτη της βροχόπτωσης στην περιοχή της Γερμανίας για την περίοδο 1958-2017 με τη χρήση ακραίων κλιματικών δεικτών = On the study of rainfall over Germany: using extreme climate indices for the period 1958-2017.

Μαγδαληνή Κωνσταντίνος Χώρη

Περίληψη


Πρόσφατες μελέτες στη περιοχή της Γερμανίας έχουν δείξει αύξηση των βροχοπτώσεων κατά τη χειμερινή περίοδο και μια προοδευτική μείωση κατά τη θερινή περίοδο. Στη παρούσα εργασία μελετάται η βροχόπτωση σε 80 σταθμούς της Γερμανίας. Ειδικότερα, χρησιμοποιήθηκε η ημερήσια βροχόπτωση από το σύνολο των δεδομένων του προγράμματος ECA & D για τη περίοδο 1958-2017 και υπολογίστηκαν έξι ακραίοι κλιματικοί δείκτες (SDII, RX, R10mm, R20mm, R95p, R99p), καθώς και οι τάσεις αυτών σε ετήσια και εποχιακή βάση. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας, αποτελεί η ανάλυση της βροχόπτωσης σε κάθε σταθμό, για τη περίοδο μελέτης, προκειμένου να διαπιστωθούν τα μοτίβα και οι τάσεις που παρουσιάζει η χωρική κατανομή της καθώς και να εντοπιστούν οι περιοχές, με τις υγρότερες και τις ξηρότερες συνθήκες. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, οι δείκτες παρουσιάζουν παρόμοια συμπεριφορά σε ετήσια βάση. Οι χαμηλές τιμές συγκεντρώνονται στα βόρεια και βορειοανατολικά τμήματα της χώρας, ενώ, υψηλότερες τιμές αναφέρονται στη νότια και δυτική Γερμανία. Σε εποχιακή βάση, οι δείκτες εμφανίζουν κοινό μοτίβο. Το χειμώνα οι χαμηλές τιμές εντοπίζονται στη βορειοανατολική Γερμανία και οι υψηλές τιμές στο νότιο και δυτικό τμήμα. Κατά την περίοδο της άνοιξης και του καλοκαιριού, χαμηλές τιμές παρατηρούνται σχεδόν παντού, εκτός από το νότιο και το δυτικό τμήμα της Γερμανίας, όπου αναφέρθηκαν υψηλές τιμές. Το φθινόπωρο σημειώνονται χαμηλές τιμές στο βόρειο, ανατολικό και κεντρικό τμήμα της χώρας και υψηλές τιμές σημειώνονται στη βόρεια, δυτική και νότια Γερμανία. Όσον αφορά τις στατιστικά σημαντικές τάσεις που παρουσιάζουν οι δείκτες, αυτές δεν παρουσιάζουν ένα συγκεκριμένο μοτίβο.  

Recent studies for the region of Germany have shown an increase in precipitation in the winter period and a progressive decrease in the summer period. In this work, rainfall at 80 stations over Germany is discussed. In particular, daily precipitation was extracted from the ECA & D dataset for the period 1958-2017 and six extreme climatic indices (SDII, RX, R10mm, R20mm, R95p, R99p), as well as their trends, were calculated on an annual and a seasonal basis. The purpose of this study is to analyze the precipitation events in each station, for the study period, in order to determine patterns and trends in rainfall distribution, as well as to identify wetter and drier regions. Most specifically, the indices present similar behavior on a yearly basis. The low values are concentrated in the northern and northeastern parts of the country, indicating drier conditions, while higher values, indicating wetter conditions, are reported in southern and western Germany. On a seasonal basis, the indices share a common pattern. In winter low values are found in northeastern Germany and high values in the southern and western section. During the spring and the summer period, low values are detected almost everywhere, except of the southern and the western part of Germany, where high values are reported. In the autumn, low values are detected in the northern, eastern and central parts of the country and high values are found in northern, western and southern Germany. As to the significant trends that the indices present, they don’t show a specific pattern.

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